2017年5月SAT亚太阅读真题三

2018-04-14 17:53:00来源：网络

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　　【小结】概括而言，Ceres的化学组成和目前太阳系内层小行星带内的其他星体组成差异很大，但却与太阳系外层的pluto等TNO类似。

　　So if Ceres formed in Pluto’s neighbourhood, how did it end up 2 to 4 billion kilometresaway? Some researchers think that the orbits of the planets were

　　onceunstable. According to this idea—known as the Nice model—Uranus and Neptunewent rampaging through the outer solar system around 3.9 billion years ago. Asa result, many of the icy objects that formed in the outer solar system were pulledinward by the gravity of the two planets, and some ended up joining the rockyasteroids that were born in the asteroid belt. Ceres would simply be the largestof these immigrants. “The odds for this seem low, but it is not inconceivable,”says Bill Bottke of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado.

　　【阐释】首句， How did it end up 2 to 4 billion KM away。转换话题，从描述现象特征转到提出解释。

　　【翻译】那么，如果Ceres在Pluto的附近区域诞生，那么怎么跑到20到40亿公里以外去的? 一些研究人员认为行星的轨道曾经是不固定的。根据这个被称作Nice模型的想法，大约在39亿年前，Uranus『天王星』和Neptune『海王星』在太阳系外层里肆虐(指运动的轨道变来变去)。结果，太阳系外层中，形成的许多冰冻的星体被两个行星的引力向太阳系内层拉，有些最终与诞生在小行星带上的岩石小行星合二为一。Ceres是这些外层星体中最大的一个。科罗拉多州博尔德市的西南研究所(SwRI)的比尔克特(Bill Bottke)说：“这种可能性似乎很低，但并不难想象。

　　1Bottkeand Hal Levison of SwRI led a pair of studies which support the idea of refugees from the outer solar system orbitingin the asteroid belt. 2Theyfocused on the so-called D- and P-type asteroids that comprise 20 per cent ofthe population in the outer part of the belt. These objects are a dark reddishcolour that suggests they are covered in carbon-rich gunk—just the sort ofresidue that might have been left behind on an icy object that had its outermostlayersvaporised in the bright sunlight of the inner solar system. 3Bottkeand Levison’s computer simulations show that the observed number of objects isabout right if they are immigrants, though they have assumed many of the objectsbroke up after transport.

　　【阐释】support the idea。提出了对这种迁移解释，进一步的实验也support这个结论。第二层意思(用2标示)：通过对D/P型小行星的表面物质组成的判定。

　　第三层意思(用3标示)：通过计算机模拟显示向内迁移进入小行星带的冰冻星体数量

　　【翻译】1西南研究所的Bill Bottke和Hal Levison领导了一对研究，研究支持运行在小行星轨道上“流亡者”是来自太阳系外层的想法。2他们重点研究了占小行星带外层20%的，所谓D型和P型小行星。这些星体呈深红色，这表明它们被富含碳元素的粘性物质覆盖着，这些粘性物质可能冰冻星体表面由于位于太阳系内层，受强烈阳光照射蒸发后，在星体表面的残留物。3Bottke和Levison的计算机模拟显示，如果的确是从太阳系外层而来，可观测到的星体数量是正确的，尽管很多(冰冻)星体在迁移到太阳系内层后分裂了，根据他们的假设。

　　Thomas McCord of the Bear Fight Center in Winthrop,Washington, who was not involved in any of the three studies, agrees that theasteroid belt probably hosts some small refugees from the outer solar system, butsays there is no reason to believe Ceres is a stranger there. Its ice-to-rockratio matches the expected composition of the raw materials that would havebeen available at its current position early on, he says. What’s more,

　　objectsofits size are expected to have formed in the inner solar system. Newmeasurements of Ceres’s composition by NASA’s Dawn mission, for which McCord isa team member, could help pin down its birthplace.

　　【阐释】but出现反对意见。反对意见，俗称“挑刺”是科学类文章结尾常见内容。是SAT出题者“客观性”的体现。注意挑刺并不是否定前面的理论，只是给出某种质疑之声。另外注意质疑人具体质疑那些内容以及质疑的依据是什么。很套路的部分。

　　【翻译】华盛顿州Winthrop的Bear Fight Center的托马斯·麦考德(Thomas McCord)并没有参与这三项研究，也认同小行星带会是一些来自太阳系外层的小型漂流者的栖息地，但是就Ceres而言，并没有理由相信，它是一个外来之人。组成Ceres的冰-石比例，与位于其现在所在地域的，早期的原生材料的可能的组成是相符合的，他说。此外，像Ceres这么大尺寸的星体预计将在内太阳系内层中形成。美国宇航局黎明任务将会对Ceres的组成进行新的测量，McCord是其成员之一，从而可以帮助确定Ceres的诞生地。

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