2017年5月SAT亚太阅读真题四

2018-04-14 17:56:00来源：网络

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　　【翻译】人民并没有赋予他们以“人民的名义”颁布这份新宪法的权力。也就是说，他们儹『音zan(三声)』越权力的事实显而易见。我可不仅仅是出于好奇心：我希望听到实实在在存在的危机，能让我们必须采用这些步骤(指采纳新宪法，把国家变成统一的国家)的危机，那种在我的观念中足够紧迫的危机。美洲其他地区已经出现动荡;但在这里，主席先生，没有危险，没有起义或动乱发生;一切都平静而祥和。但是，尽管如此，我们正漫游在人类事物的广袤海洋之中。我看不到指引我们的地标。我们正在奔向未知的前方。意见的差异，已经在一定程度上被这种危险的创新，在国家不同地区引发深深怨恨。联邦议会应该是去修正旧制度『而不是制订新的宪法，注意ought to have done 形式，现在完成时的虚拟语气』，也正是基于这一目的，他们才能被委派，他们肩负使命再无其他。因此，主席先生，请原谅一位卑微的成员的如果恳切的想知道，当下邦联可能会发生什么危机，而建议改变我们(联邦条例下的)政府的原因是什么呢?

　　Passage 2

　　Mr. Chairman, my worthy friend (Mr. Henry) has expressedgreat uneasiness in his mind, and informed us that a great many of ourcitizens are also extremely uneasy,at the proposal of changing our government....

　　【阐释】括号中提到Mr. Henry，可以想象的到，这段发言就是回应上文Henry的发言的。

　　【翻译】主席先生，我尊敬『Henry上文自称unworthy，所以这里Edmund用worthy称呼他』的朋友(亨利先生)表现出异常焦虑，并告知我们，在改变政府的提案下，我们很多公民也是深感不安的。

　　. . . [A]n objection ismade to the form: the expression, We, the people, is thought improper. Permit me to ask the gentleman who made thisobjection, who but the people can delegate powers? Who but the people have a rightto form government? The expression is a common one, and a favoriteone with me. The representatives of the people, by their authority, is a mode wholly inessential. If the objection be,that the Union ought to be not of the people, but of the state governments, then I think the choice of the former very happy and proper.What have the state governments to do with it?...

　　【阐释】针对Henry对使用“We the people”的用法，给出辩解，“一切权力属于人民”，当然在新宪法上，也是以人民的名义。

　　【单词】mode：n a particulartype or form of something

　　【翻译】。。。一条反对意见是针对宪法条文用词的：认为“我们，人民”的表达方式欠妥当。请允许我反问一下提出这个意见的反对者，除了人民，谁还能代表权力呢?除了人民，谁还能有权力组建政府呢?这种表达方式再普通不过，而且是我所偏爱的。被人民赋予权力的人民的代表，只是一种无关紧要的形式。如果质疑国家不该是人民的国家，而是各州政府的联合，那我倒认为前者的说法更为适当且乐于看到。各州政府同这个新的政体又有什么关系呢?。。。

　　1But the power of the Convention is doubted.What is the power? To propose, not todetermine. This power of proposingwas very broad; it extended to remove all defects in government: themembers of that Convention, who were to consider all the defects in our general government, werenot confined to any particular plan. 2Were they deceived? This is the properquestion here. Suppose the paper on your table dropped from one of the planets; the people foundit, and sent us here to consider whether itwasproper for their adoption; must we not obey them? 3Thenthe question must be between this government and the Confederation. The latter is no government at all. It has been said that it has carried us, through a dangerouswar, to a happy issue.Not that Confederation, but commondanger, and the spirit of America, were bonds of our union: union and unanimity,and not that insignificant paper, carried us through that dangerous war. “United, we stand—divided,we fall!” echoed and reechoed throughAmerica—from Congress to the drunken carpenter—was effectual, and procured theend of our wishes, though now forgotten by gentlemen, if suchthere be, who incline to let go this stronghold, to catch at feathers; for such allsubstitutedprojectsmay prove.

　　【阐释】本段是全文的难点。为了叙述方便，我们把段落分成三个层次

　　第一个层次(用1标识)：和上段紧密联在一起的。上段说“权利属于人民”宪法文稿必须要用“the people”。然后解释邦联议会的权限，是为了消除当前政府中一切缺陷，提出不局限于任何特定框架的建议。

　　第二个层次(用2标识)：第二层werethey deceived?This is the proper question here. 其中proper question怎么理解?

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