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SAT阅读快速提升攻克:科学文章

2018-11-06 11:52:21来源:新东方

  从中可以看出这篇文章的话题是Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs,即病菌对抗生素的抗药性。那么我们来看第一段:

  [例7]:

  In March 1942, a 33-year-old woman lay dying of streptococcal sepsis in a New Haven, Connecticut, hospital, and despite the best efforts of contemporary medical science, her doctors could not eradicate her bloodstream infection. The they managed to obtain a small amount of a newly discovered substance called penicillin, which they cautiously injected into her. After repeated doses, her bloodstream was cleared of streptococci, she made a full recovery, and she went on to live to the age of 90. Sixty-six years after her startling recovery, a report described a 70 year-old-man in San Francisco with endocarditis caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Despite the administration, for many days, of the best antibiotics available for combating VRE, physicians were unable to sterilize the patient’s blood, and he died still bacteremic. We have almost come full circle and arrived at a point as frightening as the preantibiotic era: for patients infected with multi-drug resistant bacteria, there is no magic bullet.

  这个开头段很长,如果全部读完估计要花1分钟。考场上争分夺秒,1分钟也很重要。因为第一段通常是引入话题的,我们从第一句可以看出,这是个过去发生的具体事件,那么中间的叙述部分我们先略过,跳到段尾看一下:for patients infected with multi-drug resistant bacteria, there is no magic bullet(病人如果感染了有多重抗药性的病菌,我们还找不到灵丹妙药)。这句话不就对应了文章标题的Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs吗?所以它的功能就是通过一个事件引入话题,这就够了,SAT基本上也就考到这个层次。

  第一段通常是引入话题的,那么后面的段落通常是干什么的呢?如果要报道一项研究成果,无非是research question, significance, methodology, process, result, explanation, peer review这些。比如:

  [例8]:

  Peacock and his team built a carbon-fiber resin scale model of the Luzon Strait, including the islands and surrounding ocean floor topography. Then they filled the platform with water of varying salinity to replicate the different densities found at the strait, with denser, saltier water below and lighter, less briny water above. Small particles were added to the solution and illuminated with lights from below in order to track how the liquid moved. Finally, they re-created tides using two large plungers to see how the internal waves themselves formed. (来自OG Test 2第5篇)

  这段在第5段,研究问题出现之后,从第一句built a carbon-fiber resin scale model of the Luzon Strait就可以猜出,这段讲的是研究过程,研究方法是建模,再看最后一句they re-created tides还是在讲如何模拟海洋环境,那么中间的细节就可以忽略了。

  再看个例子:

  [例9]:

  Thomas McCord of the Bear Fight Center in Winthrop, Washington, who was not involved in any of the three studies, agrees that the asteroid belt probably hosts some small refugees from the outer solar system, but says there is no reason to believe Ceres is a stranger there. Its ice-to-rock ratio matches the expected composition of the raw materials that would have been available at its current position early on, he says. What’s more, objects of its size are expected to have formed in the inner solar system. New measurements of Cares’s composition by NASA’s Dawn mission, for which McCord is a team member, could help pin down its birthplace. (来自2017.5亚太真题第3篇)

  这是最后一段,由第一句Thomas McCord … who was not involved in any of the three studies就知该段功能是peer review,因为只有peer review才会强调学术背景和未参与本文提到的研究(暗示其评价的客观性)。那么我们读第一遍时,需要知道的是这个peer的名字及态度,后面支持其观点的理由可以先不看,考到了再回来细读。

  如果按照上述方式去略读,80行的文章至少可以减至60行。此外,读文章时还需要注意改掉两个坏习惯,一个是小声读文章,一个是只看不划。

  虽说一目十行不可能,但与一行一行小声读相比,我们的眼睛至少能看到三行,这样就能有意识地跳过不重要的信息,更多地关注句子的逻辑结构。

  另一个问题,就是有些同学反映的,读完跟没读似的,做题时还要回去重读一遍,这其实是因为读的过程中没有划要点。划要点本质上是在逼自己提炼逻辑,不要只停留在字面意思上。

  最后,我想补充一点,这些方法可以让大家在现有的语言基础上相对地提升阅读速度,但如果大家的备考时间充足并且志向高远(目标1500+),该背的单词和该刷的题还是少不了的,SAT考试有一定的技巧性,但本质上体现的还是大家的语言功底。篇幅有限,这次仅以科学类文章为例说一下略读方法,社会类文章的结构跟科学类文章比较相似,可以用类似的方法,希望能帮到各位备考SAT的同学们。

  以上就为大家整理的“SAT阅读快速提升攻克:科学文章”,更多精彩内容,请关注新东方在线SAT频道。


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