SAT语法中的修辞倒装

2019-08-05 17:25:00来源：网络

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1.在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。例如： Never have I come across such a difficult problem. 我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。 Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。 No sooner had they left than the bus arrived. 他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。

　　2.在以"only+状语"开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。否则就不倒装。例如： Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb. 只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。 (注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。) Only then did I realize the importance of English. 只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。 Only in this way can we improve ourselves. 只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。 Only after you finish it can you leave. 只有结束它以后，你才能离开。(主句倒装) 注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。如： The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations. 只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。 (改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.) Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room. 只许资深的职员使用这个房间。

　　3.用于以表示处所、声音等意义的副词开头的句子。用表示运动的不及物动词(如go, come, rush, fly 等)作谓语时，为了表示生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。例如： Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。 Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。 Down came the rain. 下起大雨来了。 Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一声响了。 The door burst open and in rushed a stranger. 门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。

　　4.用倒装来避免头重脚轻，使句子显得平衡。这主要是因为主语过长或强调表语或状语。例如： At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America. 在那边那个大房子的中央有一张用从南美洲的巴西进口的木头做成的桌子。 (正常语序：A table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America is at the center of the big room over there. 这句话主语和谓语间隔太长，不平衡。) Written in English on the blackboard were these words: "Merry Christmas!" 在黑板上用英语写着这么几个字："圣诞快乐!" Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students' parents. 出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生们的家长。 Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. 金字塔里面是国王和王后们的墓穴和通往墓穴的长通道。

　　翻译练习(地点状语放在句首，倒装)：

　　1)在那棵大树底下坐着一个老农民。 Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer.

　　2)教室的外面站着一个男孩。 Outside the classroom stood a boy.

　　3)农舍后面是一片稻田。 Behind the farmhouse was a rice field. 4)小山脚下有一个美丽的小湖。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.

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