SAT2物理常用术语词汇整理（C）

2013-09-04 16:43:22来源：互联网

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　　为了方便广大考生更好的复习，新东方在线综合整理了SAT2物理常用术语词汇，以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。

　　Calorie

　　The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. 1 cal = 4.19 J.

　　Celsius

　　A scale for measuring temperature, defined such that water freezes at 0oC and boils at 100oC. 0oC = 273 K.

　　Center of curvature

　　With spherical mirrors, the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part. All of the normals pass through it.

　　Center of mass

　　Given the trajectory of an object or system, the center of mass is the point that has the same acceleration as the object or system as a whole would have if its mass were concentrated at that point. In terms of force, the center of mass is the point at which a given net force acting on a system will produce the same acceleration as if the system’s mass were concentrated at that point.

　　Centripetal acceleration

　　The acceleration of a body experiencing uniform circular motion. This acceleration is always directed toward the center of the circle.

　　Centripetal force

　　The force necessary to maintain a body in uniform circular motion. This force is always directed radially toward the center of the circle.

　　Chain reaction

　　The particles and energy released by the fission or fusion of one atom may trigger the fission or fusion of further atoms. In a chain reaction, fission or fusion is rapidly transferred to a large number of atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy.

　　Charles’s Law

　　For a gas held at constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional.

　　Coefficient of kinetic friction

　　The coefficient of kinetic friction, , for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the force of kinetic friction. It is always a number between zero and one.

　　Coefficient of linear expansion

　　A coefficient that tells how much a material will expand or contract lengthwise when it is heated or cooled.

　　Coefficient of static friction

　　The coefficient of static friction, for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the maximum force of static friction. It is always a number between zero and one.

　　Coefficient of volume expansion

　　A coefficient that tells how much the volume of a solid will change when it is heated or cooled.

　　Coherent light

　　Light such that all of the associated waves have the same wavelength and are in phase.

　　Collision

　　When objects collide, each object feels a force for a short amount of time. This force imparts an impulse, or changes the momentum of each of the colliding objects. The momentum of a system is conserved in all kinds of collisions. Kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions, but not in inelastic collisions. In a perfectly inelastic collision, the colliding objects stick together after they collide.

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