SAT2物理常用术语词汇整理（I）

2013-09-04 17:08:00来源：互联网

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　　为了方便广大考生更好的复习，新东方在线综合整理了SAT2物理常用术语词汇，以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。

　　Ideal gas law

　　An equation, PV = nRT, that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and quantity of an ideal gas. An ideal gas is one that obeys the approximations laid out in the kinetic theory of gases.

　　Impulse

　　A vector quantity defined as the product of the force acting on a body multiplied by the time interval over which the force is exerted.

　　Incident ray

　　When dealing with reflection or refraction, the incident ray is the ray of light before it strikes the reflecting or refracting surface.

　　Inclined plane

　　A wedge or a slide. The dynamics of objects sliding down inclined planes is a popular topic on SAT II Physics.

　　Index of refraction

　　The index of refraction n = c/v of a substance characterizes the speed of light in that substance, v. It also characterizes, by way of Snell's Law, the angle at which light refracts in that substance.

　　Induced current

　　The current induced in a circuit by a change in magnetic flux.

　　Inelastic collision

　　A collision in which momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not.

　　Inertia

　　The tendency of an object to remain at a constant velocity, or its resistance to being accelerated. Newton’s First Law is alternatively called the Law of Inertia because it describes this tendency.

　　Inertial reference frame

　　A reference frame in which Newton’s First Law is true. Two inertial reference frames move at a constant velocity relative to one another. According to the first postulate of Einstein’s theory of special relativity, the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames.

　　Instantaneous velocity

　　The velocity at any given instant in time. To be contrasted with average velocity, which is a measure of the change in displacement over a given time interval.

　　Internal energy

　　The energy stored in a thermodynamic system.

　　Inversely proportional

　　Two quantities are inversely proportional if an increase in one results in a proportional decrease in the other, and a decrease in one results in a proportional increase in the other. In a formula defining a certain quantity, those quantities to which it's inversely proportional will appear in the denominator.

　　Isolated system

　　A system that no external net force acts upon. Objects within the system may exert forces upon one another, but they cannot receive any impulse from outside forces. Momentum is conserved in isolated systems.

　　Isotope

　　Atoms of the same element may have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different masses. Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes of the same element.

　　小编提醒：单词的记忆要靠长期的坚持，考生们一定要持之以恒，每天都拿出来看一看背一背，让这些词汇在大脑中形成长期记忆，这样就不会轻易地忘记背过的词汇了。

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