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名师解析：SAT阅读高分是这样的炼成的

2015-05-21 16:54:30来源：新东方在线付海涛

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　　备考SAT的时候，我们会发现一个非常令人沮丧的现象——我们读懂了文章，但是却输在了选项理解上。现在就让新东方付海涛老师带着你来破解一下SAT阅读的选项设置问题。

　　一、选项类型

　　单从选项来看，可以分成三个类型：

　　1) 单个词汇或短语式，常见于词汇题、态度题、手法题：

　　如：A. matter B request C. objection D. possibility E. doubt

　　2) 半句话选项，这个时候题目也一定是半句话，正确答案与题目连在一起是对原文某处的概括或重复。

　　如： The argument in lines 29-30 refutes that comic books______

　　A. do not cost much compared to other amusements

　　B. openly acknowledge their true purpose

　　C. help children cope with the stresses of their world

　　D. cannot be appreciated by someone who lacks a sense of humor

　　E. have never been proven to distract children from homework

　　3) 整句话选项，常见于主旨题、段落关系题以及类比题。

　　如： Which best characterizes the relationship between the first paragraph and the second paragraph ?

　　A. The first paragraph relates an anecdote that illustrates a generalization made in the second paragraph

　　B. The first paragraph presents a claim that is supported in the second paragraph

　　C. The paragraphs offer different explanations for the same phenomenon

　　D. The second paragraph digresses from the topic discussed in the first paragraph

　　E. The second paragraph challenges the validity of the argument made in the first paragraph

　　二、选项设计：真相永远只有一个，但是假象却错杂纵生。

　　(一)正确选项

　　正确答案就是对等原文的信息。从整体看，对等方式包括两种，同义改写和上义概括。

　　1. 同义改写：这种题不多，因为其考察维度很有局限性，基本就是词与词的对等。

　　原文 He himself

　　答案His own

　　原文danger

　　答案threaten

　　原文unhappy

　　答案despondent

　　2 。上义概括： SAT以这种情况居多。

　　原文bats

　　答案animal

　　原文Ella Josephine Baker is an activist….touched thousands of lives and contributed to …

　　答案an influential woman

　　原文We already depend on one unsatisfactory source of electricity: coal power. Do we want to lock ourselves into another one?

　　Nuclear is our best hope for ……

　　答案invoking collective interests

　　正确答案的选择：尽量利用原文行号，如果题目要求读 line 11-15 , 这个时候恰巧有两个选项都觉得对，一个选项出自第14 行，一个选项出自第 18行，这个时候一定要优先选择前者!或者，所有选项无一来自题目所给行号，一个选项来自16 行，另一个来自第 20行，这时候还是选前者，因为它贴近题目要求范围!

　　(二)错误选项

　　错误答案设置主要包括以下几种情况：

　　a. 无中生有，原文根本没交代

　　b. 说的对但是不符合问题

　　c. 与作者表达相反

　　d. 由常识而导致的推理过度(如果题目没要求推理，所有推到选项就都是错的)

　　原文I am writing this with my left hand, although I am strongly right-handed. I had surgery to my right shoulder a month ago and am not permitted, not capable of, use of the right arm at this time. I write slowly, awkwardly----but more easily, more naturally, with each passing day。

　　题：The author describes himself as “strongly right-handed” (in line 2)in order to_____

　　A. convey the ease with which he learned to be ambidextrous (与作者表达相反)

　　B. contrast his particular abilities and those of other individuals (无中生有)

　　C. suggest the difficulties he had to overcome

　　D. evoke a sympathetic response from the reader(由常识而导致的过度推理)

　　E. characterize the sources of his physical strength(同D)

　　原文The question “why there been no great women artists?” is simply the tip of an iceberg of misinterpretation and misconception; beneath lies a vast dark bulk of shaky ideas about the nature of art and the situations of its making, about the nature of art and the human abilities in general and of human excellence in particular, and about the role that the social order plays in all of this。

　　题：In the first paragraph, the author addresses the question referred to in the first sentence by___

　　A. celebrating the gift of true genius

　　(态度与作者表达相反)

　　B. offering examples of great women artists(无中生有)

　　C. challenging assumptions about greatness

　　D. criticizing great artists for the naivete (无中生有)

　　E. daring readers to submit to the power of great(由常识而导致的过度推理)

　　从测试学角度来讲，选项的设置应该难度一致，错误选项的迷惑性大致相当，正确答案不会和其他题目答案有重叠。但是在现实考试中，这些都很难做到。很多时候我们做题并不是很清正确答案为什么正确，而是努力排除四个谬误答案。很多道理我们平时可以讲的头头是道，但是到了考场满眼一大坨黑压压的外语很难想的很完全。再加上选项总是比题目更难理解，笔者故在此着重展示一下排除法的具体思路。

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