新SAT阅读必读：I have a dream

2016-01-18 14:47:22来源：网络

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　　新SAT在考纲中表明要考查考生American Founding Documents & Great Global Conversation话题相关的阅读内容，为了丰富大家的相关背景只知识，今天我们介绍著名演讲《I have a dream》。

　　关于该演讲：

　　马丁·路德·金于1963年8月在华盛顿领导一场游行活动，旨在追求平等的政治经历权利以及结束种族隔离，并于林肯纪念堂前发表的著名演讲I have a dream，为全美国的黑人争取人权，为反对种族歧视、争取平等发出呼号。

　　周边信息～黑人问题

　　虽然美国建国者们于1774年把奴隶纳入不予进口的商品之列，但是直到1783年才废除了奴隶贸易。此外，奴隶制度在美国还是存在，直到1804年，北方地区才废除了奴隶制，而南方地区有些州仍旧保有奴隶制度，并且出于经济利益的考虑坚决反对废除奴隶制。

　　随后，1861年，11个南方州成立南部邦联，脱离主张废奴的美利坚合众国，南北战争随之爆发。经过四年的斗争，北方获得胜利，并通过《解放黑人奴隶宣言》，奴隶终于在理论上获得了自由。

　　战争结束后的一百多年，南方诸州仍然对给予黑人平等机会的行为进行抵制，并为此付出大范围的努力。南方的白人指责黑人导致了战争、失败和贫穷，并且试图恢复奴隶制。而黑人则出于没有土地，受不到教育，没有丝毫改善的可能的恶劣环境中。

　　为了改善自身境况，黑人也作出了不懈的努力。在20世纪50年代，当马丁·路德·金接掌黑人民权运动的领导权时，大多数黑人仍处于贫穷和低教育状态。例如，虽然依据法律，黑人可以选举，但在南方诸州却设置了许多障碍──从繁文缛节一直到私刑，结果只有5%的黑人能够登记。而I have a dream这篇演讲正是黑人民权运动中，黑人们为了争取自身的权利和自由，而发出的一种呼声。

　　英文原稿：

　　I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

　　Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of bad captivity.

　　But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

　　In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."

　　But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.

　　We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

　　It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

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