SAT词汇：以F开头的生物专业词汇

2016-01-22 14:08:48来源：新东方在线论坛　

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F1 generation

　　The first generation of offspring from a cross between two varieties or individuals. In Mendel’s experiments, all the F1 offspring were heterozygous hybrids with a dominant phenotype.

　　F2 generation

　　The second generation of offspring in a breeding experiment; the offspring from a mating between two F1 hybrids. In Mendel’s monohybrid experiments, the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in the F2 generation was 3:1.

　　facilitated diffusion(促进扩散)

　　Diffusion of molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane independently, but rather through permeable protein channels embedded in the membrane. Facilitated diffusion does not require outside energy.

　　FADH2 (蛋白结合性载体)

　　A molecule that stores energy for harvest by the electron transport chain.

　　Fallopian tube(输卵管)

　　Duct that connects the ovaries with the uterus; the passage through which the ovulated egg travels from the ovaries to the uterus.

　　Fermentation(发酵)

　　The second stage of anaerobic respiration, which produces the NAD+ necessary for glycolysis. There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Yeast engage in alcoholic fermentation, while muscle cells lacking oxygen produce lactic acid.

　　Fetus(胎儿)

　　The name given to an embryo after it has developed organs.

　　Flagellum(鞭毛)

　　A whiplike structure projecting from the surface of some cells and single-celled organisms; coordinated waving of the flagellum allows the organism to swim. Prokaryotic flagella are made of a single helical chain of flagellin proteins; eukaryotic flagella are made of multiple chains of microtubule proteins.

　　fluid-mosaic model(流动镶嵌模型)

　　Theory describing the cell membrane as a dynamic structure with proteins floating, yet partially embedded, in a sea of phospholipids.

　　food chain(食物链)

　　A linear relationship of predators and prey.

　　food web(食物网)

　　Many connected food chains that exhibit the relationships of all predators to all prey constitute a food web.

　　fossil record(化石记录)

　　The grouping of fossilized remains according to relative and absolute age.

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