SAT阅读：宗教解放与美国独立战争

　　宗教在美国历史的地位很重要，。新东方在线SAT频道为大家带来SAT阅读：宗教解放与美国独立战争，希望对大家SAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线SAT频道!

　　Last time I’ve said the main problem between Britain and the North American’s colony is the interests and it can be reflected in the tax.This time I will talk about religion’s effect on the American Revolution.Maybe you will be puzzled about why religion can be the most important elements in the American Revolution and I need to explain one thing that the religion isn’t the radical reasons.It just play an important role in that time because faith is the most important part in the history of America, more specifically,religion faith is the part of their pursuit of the interests.Religion is part of their life just like money’s place in our life.。

　　在美国与西方国家的历史中，宗教扮演着极为重要的角色，我们中国人一直被西方人说没有信仰，其实我们是有信仰的，比如我，我的信仰着money(没错我就是这么世俗)其他的中国人信仰着不同的事物也有信仰宗教的，但是他们西方人觉着信仰就等于宗教信仰，打一个比方来形容他们眼中宗教信仰的重要性，我们大部分人没了钱就浑身不自在，美国人(当时的美国人)没了宗教信仰也是生活不能自理的。关于宗教本身我不做讲解但是宗教的作用和影响力还是很大的，考sat2的学生要注意了，宗教在美国历史的地位很重要，下面我就把一些重要事件的时间顺序说一下。

　　1620 Mayflower

　　The Mayflower was the ship that transported the first English Separatists,today was known as the Pilgrims(指英国的清教徒puritan), from Plymouth to the New World in 1620.Arrived at Provincetown Harbor,it is a large natural harbor located in the town of Provincetown, Massachusetts.The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact was an event which established a rudimentary form of democracy, with each member contributing to the welfare of the community.(五月花号把在英国收迫害的清教徒带到了北美，并且签订了五月花号公约，这可是美国历史上第一份重要的政治文献)

　　1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony

　　The Massachusetts Bay Colony is different with the other colony in NA such like Jamestown(英国在北美的第一个殖民地) which is established for the cash crop,the Massachusetts Bay Colony is more like a Religious sanctuary.Some people who were persecuted by the Catholic Church,like puritan,established this kind of “government”.It’s hard to say Massachusetts Bay Colony is a self-government like Jamestown,it has General Court(可理解为下议院) but only male religious members can join.It can be understood as it is a democracy of religious interference.(有点拗口，叫做宗教干政的民主，感觉好矛盾有没有?不理解的话，类比人民民主专政，反正大家认为自己享有民主，开心就好)At first the inhabitants in the Massachusetts Bay Colony were satisfied with this system but it couldn’t last for a long time.

　　虽然很快就有人反对这样的政府，但他毕竟还是英国的殖民地，期间有很多小故事发生，但是并不能动摇强大的宗教力量，毕竟一有反对的声音政府就会有一百种让你待不下去的方法，并且Massachusetts Bay Colony还是当时New England Confederation的主要参与者之一，具体New England Confederation是什么呢?就像上学时班级里的小团体一样，几个殖民地和贸易公司联合起来欺负其印第安人和荷兰的一个联盟。

　　1720 The Great Awakening came to America

　　Great awakening is start from Europe and introduced into NA colony in 1720.during that time the most North America colonist were in a slackening religious fervor condition.(宗教信仰迷茫期)And there is a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism rise in Europe.The protestants found a prospect in the North America so they went to North America colony to preach.A reverend called George Whitefield worth us to remember for he made a great effort to promote the Protestantism in the NA colony.As I mentioned before,the puritan had a great power in NA colony,and their creed is to obey the authority and reject the wealth and any other selfish desire or they will get the punishment from the god,and some rich people even would felt guilty.(这种思想上的禁锢最让人感到闹心，不敢反抗上帝的旨意但是还不想过那种禁欲的生活，时间长了会得抑郁症吧?说到底宗教对当时的人们来说是一道无法逾越的鸿沟)But the Great Awakening brings dawn to the NA’s colonist.The Protestantism believe “the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals”(from Mothering the Fatherland: A Protestant Sisterhood Repents for the Holocaust by George Faithful这段权威释义找的我好辛苦!...新教的教义强调因信称义，人人都是自己的教士，圣经至上!所以那些让我们花钱买赎罪券的神职人员还有不让我们享受生活的father们，你们可以走了，殖民地人民终于可以正大光明的拜托puritan的思想禁锢了，而最重要的布道者就是那位叫George Whitefield的新教传教士，据统计他在北美布道演讲超过了18000场，最终病逝于美国)

　　从这次的Great Awakening 传入美国的意义相当于与一次对殖民地人民的思想启蒙，殖民地人民从思想上已经不再受束缚，当人的思想解放时，那么随之而来的变化将是无法估量的，正如我刚开始所说，宗教对于西方人来讲是非常重要的，宗教的力量也是无穷大的。我们不能小看宗教在美国历史上的地位，虽然宗教对殖民者发起的独立战争的影响是思维层面上的，但正如一个人一个民族要想有所变，必定先要有所思。

　　Interests：利益

　　Separatists：分离主义者

　　Culmination：高潮

　　Voyage：航行

　　Mayflower Compact：五月花号公约

　　Rudimentary：基本的

　　Religious sanctuary：宗教避难所

　　Persecuted：迫害

　　Slackening：松弛

　　Fervor：激情

　　Protestantism：新教

　　Preach：布道

　　Creed：教条

　　Priesthood：神职人员

　　Doctrine：教义

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