SAT阅读背景知识:波士顿倾茶事件

2017-03-16 10:50:00来源：网络

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　　新东方在线SAT频道为大家带来SAT阅读背景知识:波士顿倾茶事件一文，希望对大家SAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线SAT频道!

　　TAX最能直接表达英国与北美殖民地的利益冲突的一件事。小编为大家带来波士顿倾茶事件背景知识，希望对大家SAT备考有所帮助。

　　We were all been told that the first shot in Lexington is the symbol of the American Revolutionary War, but the first shot can only be regarded as the fuse and the radical reasons are so many. Today I will show you one of the most important reason of the conflict between the American colonies and Britain-----the TAX(毕竟天下攘攘，皆为利往;天下熙熙，皆为利来。TAX最能直接表达英国与北美殖民地的利益冲突的一件事，当然是最重要的)。

　　Since 1763 Britain and the American colony win the “French and Indian War also was known as the seven year’s war”(解释一下，这里是法国和印第安人联手对抗英国和北美殖民地，并不是法国和印第安人的战争),Britain became the owner of the most the land of the North America. The situation of that time was that the colonist didn’t need the Britain’s military protection anymore and the King thought since there was no enemy(except the Indian people)in the North America, it’s time to collect taxes from the colony for it is belong to Britain.(前几天大家还兄弟肩并肩一起打跑了法国“鬼子”，刚胜利就想着如何从对方身上揩油了。真是人心莫测世事难料，没有永远的朋友只有永远的利益.)

　　After the Indian French war, British were supposed to negotiate with the Indian but failed, so the British decided to established a Proclamation Line to segregate the Indian people. Britain still need to send troop to maintain the LINE and the colonies need to support the line and then the TAX is coming.

　　1764 Britain promulgated Sugar Act(食糖法),import sugar and the molasses need to place a duty except the sugar and the molasses are from Britain, and ended the Policy of “Salutary Neglect”(Salutary Neglect这项政策日后会进一步补充说名，当时法国还在北美的时候，英国人怕殖民者与法国人勾结在一起而对殖民地实行的一项妥协政策，对当时殖民地的人漏税Tax evasion 走私smuggle行为睁一只眼闭一只眼)To prevent the tax evader set a court in Halifax but no jury(霸权主义有没有??连jury都没有还算法庭吗?虽然我国法庭一直就没有...)

　　Somebody want to be shipper(外贸货主)need to pay a cash deposit and if they found there is tax evasion, the cash deposit would be confiscate.

　　Tax collector need to collect the tax by their own.

　　The last one is increase the number of troops in colony. (没有了法国这个最大的敌人居然还增加驻军，英国用意可见一斑)

　　1765 The Stamp Act(印花税)

　　Over 50 things need to stick stamp can be sold or buy, even can’t use if the goods don’t stick the stamp. Include legal documents, insurance policies, playing card, newspaper, pamphlets, and licenses(玩个扑克看个报纸都要贴邮票才行，殖民地人民内心是崩溃的。)The price of the stamp from 1cent to 10 pounds depends on the different type of the goods.(试想你现在刷个朋友圈和微博都要缴税，你开心吗?~)

　　殖民地人民从没被这样管束过，从来没受过这种罪，那暴脾气一上来，就出现了反抗活动，于是出现了1765 Boycott

　　1765 boycott

　　In New York, Boston, Philadelphia’s merchants appeal other merchants do not import the goods from England(有点像我们当时抵制日货的感觉)

　　A group called Sons of Liberty use violence to against anyone who don’t obey the Boycott and burn the Boston and New York’s Britain’s governments.(不得不说这个组织的名字就很牛，所以做出这些事也不足为奇)

　　1766 British government repeal the Stamp Tax(Stamp Act) .And relieved of the British finance minister George Grenville’s duty who have made the series coercion policy(第一次boycott成功,殖民地的同志们沉浸在成功的喜悦中，但是不知道英国在下一盘很大的棋)but made a new policy called Declaratory Act.The declaration stated that the Parliament's(英国议会) authority was the same in America as in Britain and asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American colonies.(这使得英国对殖民地收税变得合法化，不得不说英国人非常看重法律的功效)

　　Except the Declaratory Act, there are also some acts like Quartering Act(英国军队如有需要可以占用殖民地的Inns, public building, private homes)and The Townshend Acts(用当时的 finance minister’s name命名，对glass , tea , lead, paint and paper收进口税)

　　于是殖民地人民的暴脾气又来了，第二次Boycott,而且又成功了。

　　Townshend Duties Repealed, Except on Tea(注意这里，茶依旧要收税)

　　1773，East India Company had the privilege don’t need to pay the tea tax and monopolized the tea market. Colonists continued boycott the Britain’s goods and the sons of Liberty rush to the East India Company’s ship and poured all the tea to the sea. It is called The Boston Tea Party(没错，这就是大名鼎鼎的波士顿倾茶事件)

　　从此之后，北美殖民地便走上了独立的道路。

　　American Revolutionary War：美国独立战争

　　Fuse：导火索

　　Radical：根本的

　　Segregate：隔离

　　Molasses：糖蜜

　　Confiscate：没收

　　Boycott：抵制

　　Appeal：呼吁

　　Repeal：废除

　　coercion policy：高压政策

　　Assert：宣称