SAT文法知识点盘点

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　　Standard English conventions 标准英语用法

　　Conventions of Punctuation: Observing standard punctuation practices, including:

　　— End-of-sentence punctuation：句末标点(句号、问号或者感叹号)

　　— Within-sentence punctuation:句内标点(冒号、分号和破折号)

　　— Possessive nouns and pronouns:名词所有格和代词，区分单复数形式

　　— Items in a series:词间标点(逗号和分号分割并列成分)

　　— Nonrestrictive and parenthetical elements:非限定性成分和插入语

　　— Unnecessary punctuation: 不必要标点

　　Conventions of Usage: Observing standard usage practices, including:

　　— Pronoun clarity:指代明确

　　— Possessive determiners: 所有格限定词(区分物主代词和主谓结构)

　　— Agreement: 一致性(主谓一致，人称一致，名词单复数一致)

　　— Frequently confused words: 易混淆词汇(比如affect vs. effect)

　　— Logical comparison: 逻辑比较

　　— Conventional expression: 习惯用语

　　Sentence Structure

　　— Sentence boundaries: 句子边界(识别不完整句)

　　— Subordination and coordination: 逻辑关联词

　　— Parallel structure: 平行结构

　　— Modifier placement: 修饰语位置

　　— Inappropriate shifts in verb tense, mood, and voice：不合适的动词时态，语态，语气的变化

　　— Inappropriate shifts in pronoun person and number：不合适的人称代词和数的变化

　　铅笔 分割线

　　Expression of ideas 观点的表达

　　Development: 文章发展

　　— Proposition: Adding, revising, or retaining (leaving unchanged) thesis statements, topic sentences, claims, and the like — the “main ideas” of a passage or paragraph

　　建议类：增加，修改或保留论点句和主旨句

　　— Support: Adding, revising, or retaining material that supports a passage’s points or claims 支持类：增加，修改或保留支持论点的信息

　　— Focus: Adding, revising, retaining, or deleting material on the basis of relevance to the purpose (e.g., deleting an irrelevant sentence) 焦点类：增加，修改，保留或删除和目的相关的材料

　　— Quantitative information: Using data from informational graphics (tables, graphs, charts, and the like) to enhance the accuracy, precision, and overall effectiveness of a passage 数据类信息：使用图表信息准确、精确、有效反映文章内容

　　Organization：文章的组织结构

　　— Logical sequence: Ensuring that material is presented in a passage in the most logical place and order 逻辑排序

　　— Introductions, conclusions, and transitions: Improving the openings and closings of paragraphs and passages and the connections between and among information and ideas in a passage 引入句、总结句和过渡句

　　Effective Language Use:有效的语言使用

　　— Precision: Making word choice more exact or appropriate for the context 精确性

　　— Concision: Making word choice more economical and eliminating wordiness and redundancy 简洁性

　　— Style and tone: Making word choice consistent with the overall style and tone of a passage or accomplishing some particular rhetorical goal 风格和语气

　　— Syntax: Combining sentences to improve the flow of language or to accomplish some particular rhetorical goal 句法结构(合并句子)