SAT语法连接词总结一览表

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) since

　　C) despite

　　D) therefore

　　解析：has not gained the widespread use 是负向的，而remarkable effectiveness 是正向的，前后反义词表明是反向关系，所用应该从反向逻辑逻辑连接词中选择，选C。 since 和because of 表示原因，therefore 表示结果。

　　例子4.Those who have seen the space consider it vital. However, that group may not be large enough; with just fourteen days to go in the fund-raising period, the campaign is only 46 percent funded.(201605NA-Q25)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Therefore,

　　C) In effect,

　　D) As a rule,

　　解析：vital 表示重要的，是正向的，而not large enough, only 46 percent funded 是负向的，前后反向关系，要选择A， However. therefore 表示结果，in effect 表示强调，as a rule 表示“通常，一般而言”=generally, 是一种强调，解释说明的关系。

　　通过上面四个例题我们会发现，转折关系也就是一种反向关系，前后的意思相反或者态度相反的词，要把上面表示反向关系的词记熟练。

　　考点2.因果关系

　　例子1.With world population topping seven billion, humanity is in need of some perspective. Therefore, we should continue to support NASA not only for practical reasons but also because it is a necessary vehicle for increasing our awareness of how we can fulfill our responsibilities to the planet and each other.(201610NA-Q11)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Instead,

　　C) For example,

　　D) However,

　　解析：前面humanity is in need 和后面continue to support, a necessity vehicle 是同向的，把 instead 和however表示反向关系的逻辑连接词排除，for example 表示例证，由抽象到具体，观点到细节，这里也不是例证关系。那么，要怎么判断因果关系呢?

　　方法1.我们可以用因为...,所以... 去套，如果能解释通，那就是因果关系。比如说这里：因为我们需要人道主义，所以我们要继续支持NASA，这不仅是因为实际原因，而是是因为这是让我们意识到如何履行对这个星球的责任的必要途径。这里，因果关系能够解释通;

　　考点2.看是否存在前后顺序。

　　先：人口达到7billion,需要人道主义。

　　后：要支持NASA.

　　这里也存在前后关系，所以用therefore 最合适。

　　例子2.This practice of continued education, also known as professional development, benefits not only employees but also their employers. Accordingly, meaningful professional development is a shared responsibility: it is the responsibility of employers to provide useful programs, and it is also the responsibility of employees to take advantage of the opportunities offered to them.(201610NA-Q14)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Nevertheless,

　　C) Regardless,

　　D) Similarly,

　　解析：前面benefits 和shared responsibility 是同向的，把反向的逻辑连接词nevertheless 和regardless 排除。Similarly 表示类比，这里不是一种类比。我们排除了一番后，再用上面两种方法是解释： 因为....,所以..... 因为这对老板和雇员有有利，所以这是一种双向的责任。 完全符合逻辑，所以应该选择A， accordingly 因此。

　　考点3.例证关系

　　范围由大到小，由抽象到具体，从观点到具体的细节(例子)

　　例子1.Google is paying close attention to the elevator industries experience, and it is demonstrating that attention in a number of creative way s. For example, Google

　　believes, as the elevator industry did many years earlier, that publicizing the production and testing process will create a sense of normalcy around the product before it is even introduced.(201604NA-Q32)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) However,

　　C) For all that,

　　D) Surprisingly,

　　解析：前面 industries experience 和in a number of creative ways是抽象宽泛的，后面publicizing the production and testing process是里面的其中一个方面，范围从大到小，内容从抽象到具体，这个时候应该用for example. however表示但是，前排除。值得注意的是，这里的for all that 大家可能不太熟悉，它表示反向关系(尽管如此)，surprisingly 表示“令人惊讶的是”。

　　例子2.Because CT scanners can map objects that are impossible to excavate, CT scanning and 3-D printing can also be used to reproduce fossils that scientists cannot observe firsthand. By contrast, researchers from the National Museum of Brazil has relied on this technique to study a fossilized skeleton that was discovered protruding from a rock at an old São Paulo railroad site.(201605NA-Q8)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Nonetheless,

　　C) Besides,

　　D) For example,

　　解析：前面 CD scanning and 3D printing 可以用来复制科学家观察不到的化石，后面具体一个National Museum of Brazil 对这个技术的使用，范围由大到小，抽象到具体，所以应该是例证关系,选D. 这里不是反向的，把by contrast 和noetheless排除，besides表示递进关系，也不对。

　　例子3.Enterprising freelance reporters, newly funded by nonprofits, make extensive use of social media,including blogs and Twitter, to foster a public conversation about key issues. The Help Me Investigate project, 43 for example, solicited readers to submit tips and information related to ongoing stories to its website.(201605NA-Q43)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) therefore,

　　C) however,

　　D) in any case,

　　解析：make extensive use of social media是抽象的，范围大，而后面The Help Me Investigate project是具体的一个project对social media 的使用，范围由大到小，从抽象到具体，这时候用for example, 选择A. however 和in any case表示反向关系，排除。therefore表示因果关系，这里前后不存在因果关系。

　　考点4.递进关系

　　前后态度是同向的，并且是独立的个体(两个对象)

　　例子1.

　　Artists such as these Brooklyn performers find that crowdfunding exacerbates problems that already exist. 26 Work, that is easily understood and appreciated, is supported, while more complex work goes unnoticed. 27 Time that could be used creating art is spent devising clever perks to draw the attention of potential contributors. 28 In addition, audiences may contain many “free 29 riders,” they did not make contributions.(201605NA-Q28)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Conversely,

　　C) However,

　　D) Thus,

　　解析：这个段落的中心观点是：crowfunding exacerbates problems that already exist. 下面的内容都围绕这中心观点来展开。

　　1.more complex work goes unnoticed。这是一个问题。

　　2.audiences may contain many free riders.这是第二个问题。

　　这前后两个问题是同向的，但是两个对象是独立的个体，这是时候用In addition, 表示递进关系。

　　例子2. Texas researchers found that PAs lend cost-efficient, widely appreciated services in underserved areas. 31 In addition, rural-based PAs often provide a broader spectrum of such services than do their urban and suburban counterparts, possibly as a consequence of the limited pool of rural-based physicians.(201605AS-Q31)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Thus,

　　C) Despite this,

　　D) On the other hand,

　　解析：前面PAs...in underserved areas,和后面rural-based PAs ...同向，独立的个体，应该用递进的关系。不存在因果关系，B排除。这是同向的，C和D排除。

　　考点5.强调关系

　　前后同向，同一个对象(藕断丝连)

　　递进和强调可以这样去区分：递进是两个对象。

　　比如. 姐姐上课很认真。另外，弟弟也很认真。这里姐姐和弟弟就是两个对象，用递进。

　　那么强调呢?它讨论的只有一个对象。

　　比如.姐姐很认真。实际上(in fact),她从小开始上学就很用功。

　　这里前后只有姐姐一个对象，用强调关系。

　　例子1. Italy’s Tower of Pisa has been leaning southward since the initial 12 stages of it’s construction over 800 years ago. Indeed, if the tower’s construction had

　　not taken two centuries and involved significant breaks due to war and civil unrest, which allowed the ground beneath the tower to settle, the tower would likely have collapsed before it was completed.(201605AS-Q13)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Therefore,

　　C) Nevertheless,

　　D) However,

　　解析：前面说比萨斜塔leaning sothward, 后面the tower would likely have collapsed before it was completed. 两者是同向的，把C和D排除，也不存在因果关系，B也排除。 A 选项indeed ,表示同向，正好符合我们所说的前后同向，并且只有一个对象。

　　考点6.表示目的

　　前面通常表达某种想法，有关键词assert, believe, propose, 后面紧跟着的是行动，这个时候用to this\these end 来连接。

　　例子1.Members assert that food should be flavorful, carrying the properties of a particular region; it should be raised using environmentally sustainable practices that preserve biodiversity; and it should be accessible to all without exploiting the labors of those who produced it. In short, Slow Food runs programs that support small-scale producers in marketing regional foods in a world where food corporations threaten to drive them out of the marketplace and homogenize food choices.(201610NA-Q33)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Nonetheless,

　　C) To these ends,

　　D) By the same token,

　　解析：前面mmbers asserts...it should be; it should be ... 就是他们提出的想法，Slow Food 运营这样一个项目就是根据前面的想法而有的行动：每个人都可以买到食物，不压榨生产者。为了实现这个目标，Slow Food 运营一个区域化生产的小规模经济。前后是想法和行动，应该用To these ends表示“为了实现这些目标”来连接。

　　考点7.删除

　　前后语义顺畅，不需要任何逻辑连接词来连接

　　例子1.He has made detailed landscapes by layering yards of thread onto a canvas. In contrast, he has re-created a da Vinci’s Last Supper using chocolate syrup and Caravaggio’s Medusa out of spaghetti and marinara sauce. (201803NA-Q8)

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) Therefore,

　　C) For that reason

　　D) DELETE the underlined portion, adjusting the capitalization as needed.

　　解析：he has made... he has re-created 这前后是同向的，也不存在因果关系，把ABC都可以排除。另外，这两句话之间语义本身就很连贯，不需要用任何逻辑连接词来连接，所以选择D,删除就好。

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