SAT2物理词汇术语整理2

2019-09-29 08:19:48来源：网络

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　　The following list defines all of the bold-faced words you encountered as you read this book.

　　Angular acceleration

　　A vector quantity, , equal to the rate of change of the angular velocity vector with time. It is typically given in units of rad/s2.

　　Angular displacement

　　The net change, , in a point’s angular position, . It is a scalar quantity.

　　Angular frequency

　　A frequency, f, defined as the number of revolutions a rigid body makes in a given time interval. It is a scalar quantity commonly denoted in units of Hertz (Hz) or s–1.

　　Angular momentum

　　A vector quantity, L, that is the rotational analogue of linear momentum. For a single particle, the angular momentum is the cross product of the particle’s displacement from the axis of rotation and the particle’s linear momentum, . For a rigid body, the angular momentum is a product of the object’s moment of inertia, I, and its angular velocity, .

　　Angular period

　　The time, T, required for a rigid body to complete one revolution.

　　Angular position

　　The position of an object according to a co-ordinate system measured in s of the angle of the object from a certain origin axis. Conventionally, this origin axis is the positive x-axis.

　　Angular velocity

　　A vector quantity, , that reflects the change of angular displacement with time, and is typically given in units of rad/s. To find the direction of the angular velocity vector, take your right hand and curl your fingers along the particle or body’s direction of rotation. Your thumb then points in the direction of the body’s angular velocity.

　　Antinode

　　The points midway between nodes on a standing wave, where the oscillations are largest.

　　Atom

　　The building blocks of all matter, atoms are made up of a nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons, and a number of electrons that orbit the nucleus. An electrically neutral atom has as many protons as it has electrons.

　　Atomic number

　　A number, Z, associated with the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Every element can be defined in s of its atomic number, since every atom of a given element has the same number of protons.

　　Axis of rotation

　　The line that every particle in the rotating rigid body circles about.

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