SAT2物理词汇术语整理5

2019-09-30 16:26:38来源：网络

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　　The following list defines all of the bold-faced words you encountered as you read this book.

　　Coefficient of kinetic friction

　　The coefficient of kinetic friction, , for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the force of kinetic friction. It is always a number between zero and one.

　　Coefficient of linear expansion

　　A coefficient that tells how much a material will expand or contract lengthwise when it is heated or cooled.

　　Coefficient of static friction

　　The coefficient of static friction, for two materials is the constant of proportionality between the normal force and the maximum force of static friction. It is always a number between zero and one.

　　Coefficient of volume expansion

　　A coefficient that tells how much the volume of a solid will change when it is heated or cooled.

　　Coherent light

　　Light such that all of the associated waves have the same wavelength and are in phase.

　　Collision

　　When objects collide, each object feels a force for a short amount of time. This force imparts an impulse, or changes the momentum of each of the colliding objects. The momentum of a system is conserved in all kinds of collisions. Kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions, but not in inelastic collisions. In a perfectly inelastic collision, the colliding objects stick together after they collide.

　　Completely inelastic collision

　　A collision in which the colliding particles stick together.

　　Component

　　Any vector can be expressed as the sum of two mutually perpendicular component vectors. Usually, but not always, these components are multiples of the basis vectors, and ; that is, vectors along the x-axis and y-axis. We define these two vectors as the x- and y-components of the vector.

　　Compression

　　An area of high air pressure that acts as the wave crest for sound waves. The spacing between successive compressions is the wavelength of sound, and the number of successive areas of compression that arrive at the ear per second is the frequency, or pitch, of the sound.

　　Concave lens

　　Also called a diverging lens, a lens that is thinner in the middle than at the edges. Concave lenses refract light away from a focal point.

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