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SAT2物理词汇术语整理20

2019-10-03 13:11:49来源:网络

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  The following list defines all of the bold-faced words you encountered as you read this book.

  O

  Optics

  The study of the properties of visible light, i.e., the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 360 and 780 nm (1 nm = m/s).

  Orbit

  When an object is held in circular motion about a massive body, like a planet or a sun, due to the force of gravity, that object is said to be in orbit. Objects in orbit are in perpetual free fall, and so are therefore weightless.

  Oscillation

  A back-and-forth movement about an equilibrium position. Springs, pendulums, and other oscillators experience harmonic motion.

  P

  Pascals

  The unit for measuring pressure. One Pascal is equal to one Newton per meter squared, 1 Pa = 1 N/m2.

  Pendulum

  A pendulum consists of a bob connected to a rod or rope. At small angles, a pendulum’s motion approximates simple harmonic motion as it swings back and forth without friction.

  Period

  The time it takes a system to pass through one cycle of its repetitive motion. The period, T, is the inverse of the motion’s frequency, f = 1/T.

  Phase

  Two oscillators that have the same frequency and amplitude, but reach their maximum displacements at different times, are said to have different phases. Similarly, two waves are in phase if their crests and troughs line up exactly, and they are out of phase if the crests of one wave line up with the troughs of the other.

  Phase change

  When a solid, liquid, or gas changes into another phase of matter.

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