SAT语法的五个解题步骤

　　为了帮助大家高效备考SAT，新东方在线SAT频道为大家带来SAT语法的五个解题步骤，希望对大家SAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线SAT频道!

　　SAT语法一共有三种题型，第一种题型叫识别错误，这种题目和TOEFL语法中的句子改错是完全类似的，即找出四个选项中语法错误的部分。第二种题型叫改正错误，这种题目比较难，是要你看出题干中的划线部分是否有错，没有的话就选A, 有的话就从另外四个选项里面选择一个正确的成为答案。第三种题型叫改正文章，它要求你读完一篇文章之后，按照文章后面题目的要求对文章做出相应的改动，插入，增加或者提炼文章主题。鉴于许多同学对托福语法已经比较熟悉，较难突破的是第二部分，而最难的第三部分的解题又是建立在第二部分题目的基础上的，所以笔者在这里想对第二部分的解题思路做一个简单的分析。

　　首先大家在脑中需要牢记的是在SAT语法的考察中，不仅会考到你是否能判断这个句子是否正确，而且会考到这个句子是否有效和简洁。这就大大提升了题目的难度。比如说有些句子在TOEFL中是对的，但是在SAT语法里面就是错误的，因为它不够简洁有效。而且很多情况下SAT语法不是让你选择一个完全正确的答案，而是让你选择一个最佳答案。可能五个选项都是错误的，但你就应该从这五个选项里面选择一个错误相对来说最小的选项，它就是正确答案。所以大家在解题的时候切不可钻牛角尖，应该从最优性出发来寻找答案。可能你完全可以自己写出一个选项来比答案更能够符合题意，但是因为选项当中没有，所以我们还是应该选择一个最佳选项。

　　下面我们就来具体看一下SAT语法第二种题型的解题步骤。一般来说标准的解题顺序可以分为如下几步：

　　1.抓住明显错误进行排除

　　首先大家需要寻找划线部分是否有明显的语法错误或逻辑错误，有的话马上排除，再纵向寻找答案，把选项中没有改正这些错误的都给排除掉。

　　例：The benefits of exercise is as psychological as physical.

　　(A) is as psychological as physical

　　(B) are more than psychological, they’re physical

　　(C) are as much psychological as physical

　　(D) have psychological aspects as well as the physical ones

　　(E) is psychological in parts and physical as well

　　我们可以看出这道题目的主语是benefits是复数，所以谓语动词也应该用复数，但这里谓语动词是单数，所以马上把A排除掉，纵向寻找答案，发现E没有改正错误，D选项错误的换了时态，所以都错了。比较B和C选项，B选项的意思不对而且显得比较多余累赘，所以答案选C.

　　2. 利用常考考点作为切入点

　　有时大家如果把一些常考考点给记住的话，就可以大大提高解题的速度。比如在SAT语法当中，划线部分经常出现的错误就是代词指代不清和限定性从句的引导词指代混乱。因此如果划线部分出现了这两类词的话，在未发现明显错误的时候，我们就应该以这两类词为切入点，通过确认其真实指代对象和语法指代对象是否一致来排除错误选项。

　　例：The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and it is an important method of transportation.

　　(A) The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and it

　　(B) The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and

　　(C) Invented around the same time were the automobile, popularized by Henry Ford and the airplane, which the Wright brothers developed, and it

　　(D) The automobile popularized by Henry Ford. Was inverted around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane and this is why it

　　(E) An invention around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, the automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, it

　　我们一起来分析一下这道题目，题干说由HF所推广的汽车，与W兄弟所发明的飞机差不多在同一时间，它是一种重要的交通方法。大家发现划线部分的最后一个词it就犯了模棱两可的错误，它既可以指代汽车，又可以指代飞机，所以A错，同样C, D, E也都有it，所以也不对。答案应该选择B选项，把it给去掉了，这样就避免了指代不明的错误。

　　3. 利用对称性解题

　　与汉语一样，英语在行文上也讲究对称性，而这一点在比较结构和平行结构中非常常见，即要求尽可能在语法功能上和形式结构上表达一致。因此大家可以通过未划线部分中的表达形式和语法功能来确定划线部分中与之相对应部分的语法功能及表达形式，马上排除错误选项。

　　例：Just as Ludwig van Beethoven composed scores of lasting musical works and the Bronte sisters wrote many enduring novels. so too did Vincent van Gogh paint numerous timeless masterpieces.

　　(A) so too did Vincent van Gogh paint numerous timeless masterpieces.

　　(B) Vincent van Gogh paints timeless masterpieces. and lots of them

　　(C) Vincent van Gogh’s bequest was to paint timeless masterpieces

　　(D) and to van Gogh then. were numerous masterpieces painted

　　(E) also like them van Gogh painted numerous timeless masterpieces

　　这儿明显有固定搭配的对称：Just as…so too…，意思是正如…也…，四个选项中只有A选项有平行对称的so too，所以答案选A.

　　4. 对比选项，从选项中寻找答案

　　有时比较完了选项后，很难从已给信息中找出答案，这时我们可以比较剩下的选项，由选项中的不同来寻找答案。

　　例：In the eighteenth century, politics was thought to be an improper sphere for women, whose boycott of English goods was different than any protest the English had seen before.

　　(A) whose boycott of English goods was different than any protest the English had seen before

　　(B) whose boycotting English goods was different than any protest the English had seen before

　　(C) whose boycott of English goods was different from any protest the English had seen before

　　(D) whose boycott of English goods was different from any protest the English saw before

　　(E) whose boycotting of English goods was different from any protest the English have seen before

　　我们知道固定搭配应该是be different from, 而不是be different than , 所以马上把A和B排除掉。下一步就应该来对比剩下的三个选项，C和D用了名词boycott，而E选项用了动名词boycotting，在SAT语法当中有一条非常重要的原则，即名词要优先于动名词，比方说同时出现了名词和动名词，就应该优先备选名词的选项。所以E错。再把C和D进行比较，C用了过去完成时，D用了过去时，由题意应该是发生在18世纪以前，所以应该用过去完成时，所以答案选C.

　　5.找一个最佳的选项成为答案

　　在解题的最后有时候可能会发现五个选项都不是非常完美，那么这时你就应该选择相对来说错误最少最为轻微的选项成为答案。

　　例：In exploring the rich variety of African artworks. the reason why one will note that certain patterns of meaning and usage occur again and again is nearly found in all world civilizations throughout most of history.

　　(A) In exploring the rich variety of African artworks. the reason why one will note that certain patterns of meaning and usage occur again and again is because this phenomenon of pattern repetition is nearly found in all world civilizations throughout most of history. (B)In exploring the rich variety of African artworks. the reason why one will note that certain patterns of meaning and usage occur again and again is because this phenomenon is found in nearly all world civilizations throughout most of history.

　　(C)When you explore the rich variety of African artworks. the reason one will note that certain patterns of meaning and usage occur again and again is because this phenomenon of pattern repetition is found in nearly all world civilizations throughout most of history.

　　(D) When one explores the rich variety of African artworks. the reason one will note that certain patterns of meaning and usage occur again and again is because this phenomenon of pattern repetition is found in nearly all world civilizations throughout most of history.

　　(E) In exploring the rich variety of African artworks. the reason one will note that certain patterns of meaning and usage occur again and again is because found in nearly all world civilizations throughout history is this phenomenon of pattern repetition.

　　这道题目有些难度。这句话的意思是说在探索非洲艺术作品的富裕度时，人们将会注意到特殊模式的意思和习惯表达一再发生的原因是因为这种模式重复的现象能在几乎所有世界文明中找到。

　　当大家具备了一定的SAT语法基础后就可以看出来原文有两个错误。首先严格意义上，英语语法中规定reason和because是不能够连用的，其次在划线部分里有一处表达不够正确，即this phenomenon of pattern repetition is nearly found in all world civilizations，它所表达的意思应该是这种模式重复的现象能在几乎所有世界文明中找到，但划线部分的意思变成了这种模式重复的现象几乎被找到了在所有世界文明中。所以nearly的放置位置不对。这样我们就可以纵向来寻找答案。看完五个选项后大家可以发现没有一个选项改正了reason和because不能够连用的这个错误，所以这个错误只能放着。再看其他选项，B, C, D, E把nearly的放置位置这个错误都给改正了，但是C和D引入了两个新的错误，即one和you 不能同时出现，在SAT语法当中这种情况是不允许发生的，所以C和D都错了。再来对比B和E选项，我们可以发现E中用了被动，found in nearly all world civilizations throughout history is this phenomenon of pattern repetition，使得句子结构不够清楚明了，所以答案选B。虽然说B还有reason和because不能够连用的这个错误，但它却是五个选项当中最佳的一个选项。因此我们讲是找五个选项中找一个最佳的选项成为答案，而不是找一个完全正确的选项。

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