SAT语法改错5例题练习

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　　1. Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries.

　　(A) it is so debilitating that it has become an economic

　　(B) it is of such debilitation, it has become an economical

　　(C) so debilitating is it as to become an economic

　　(D) such is its debilitation, it becomes an economical

　　(E) there is so much debilitation that it has become an economical

　　Answer to Question 1

　　Choice A is best: is links the noun schistosomiasis with its modifier, debilitating, and so debilitating that idiomatically introduces a clause that provides a further explanation of debilitating. Choices B, D, and E produce awkward, wordy, imprecise, or unidiomatic phrases by substituting the noun debilitation for the modifier debilitating. Choices B and D fail to introduce the explanatory clause with that, and C uses an awkward and wordy construction in place of a that... clause. Finally, B, D, and E wrongly use economical instead of economic to mean "pertaining to the economy."

　　Answer to Question 2

　　Choices A and D illogically compare the median income to a family rather than to another median income. Also, families would be preferable to a family in A, B, and D because the comparison is between groups of families. In A and B, in which would be preferable to where, since where properly refers to location. Choices A and E misplace only so that it seems to modify was employed rather than the husband. In B and E, o/is less idiomatic than/or, and the plural pronoun those in E does not agree with the singular noun referent income. C, the best choice, uses the singular pronoun that to stand for income, thus establishing a logical comparison.

　　Answer to Question 3

　　In English, the idiom is requiring x toy or requiring that x y, with x as the noun subject and y the unconjugated form of the verb. Choice E, the best answer, follows the first paradigm. Choice A is less concise and contains the unnecessary should before retain, in B, the awkward shift to the passive construction makes workers the subject of show, thus producing the unintended statement that older workers [rather than employers} are required to show just cause for dismissal. Choices C and D are ungrammatical because the retaining and retention function as nouns, which cannot be joined by or to the verb show: grammar requires that the compound predicate consist of two verbs, retain... or show.

　　Answer to Question 4

　　Choice A is best. All of the other choices present errors in coordination or parallelism and also confusingly suggest that King's being a mystic and being guided... by omens... were separate matters. In addition, these choices contain errors in grammar and idiom. Choice B ungrammatically uses and also to link the noun mystic and the past participle guided. In choices C and D, that is required to introduce the clause x was a mystic if that introduces the second clause, he was guided.... In choice E, to have been a mystic and that he guided... are not parallel. Finally, B, D, and E use the unidiomatic both x as well as y instead of both x and y.

　　Answer to Question 5

　　In choices A, B, and C, the singular verb is does not agree with values, the subject of the sentence. Choices B, C, and D use awkward and wordy expressions. In B and D, the expression use as collateral to borrow against to get through... awkwardly juxtaposes two infinitives and is unnecessarily redundant, since use as collateral and borrow against have the same meaning. Choice C presents the wordy expression the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through..., in which the passive verb creates an awkward and confusing construction. Choice E, the best answer, succinctly and clearly identifies the Declining values as the collateral against which farmers borrow and correctly uses the plural verb are.

　　2. In 1982 the median income for married-couple families with a wage-earning wife was $9,000 more than a family where the husband only was employed.

　　(A) a family where the husband only

　　(B) of a family where only the husband

　　(C) that for families in which only the husband

　　(D) a family in which only the husband

　　(E) those of families in which the husband only

　　3. Senator Lasker has proposed legislation requiring that employers should retain all older workers indefinitely or show just cause for dismissal.

　　(A) that employers should retain all older workers

　　(B) that all older workers be retained by employers

　　(C) the retaining by employers of all older workers

　　(D) employers' retention of all older workers

　　(E) employers to retain all older workers

　　4. The extraordinary diary of William Lyon Mackenzie King, prime minister of Canada for over twenty years, revealed that this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic guided in both public and private life by omens, messages received at seances, and signs from heaven.

　　(A) that this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic guided in both public and

　　(B) that this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic and also guided both in public as well as

　　(C) this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic and that he was guided in both public and

　　(D) this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic and that he was guided in both public as well as

　　(E) this most bland and circumspect of men to have been a mystic and that he guided himself both in public as well as

　　5. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

　　(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

　　(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

　　(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

　　(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

　　(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

　　Answer to Question 1

　　Choice A is best: is links the noun schistosomiasis with its modifier, debilitating, and so debilitating that idiomatically introduces a clause that provides a further explanation of debilitating. Choices B, D, and E produce awkward, wordy, imprecise, or unidiomatic phrases by substituting the noun debilitation for the modifier debilitating. Choices B and D fail to introduce the explanatory clause with that, and C uses an awkward and wordy construction in place of a that... clause. Finally, B, D, and E wrongly use economical instead of economic to mean "pertaining to the economy."

　　Answer to Question 2

　　Choices A and D illogically compare the median income to a family rather than to another median income. Also, families would be preferable to a family in A, B, and D because the comparison is between groups of families. In A and B, in which would be preferable to where, since where properly refers to location. Choices A and E misplace only so that it seems to modify was employed rather than the husband. In B and E, o/is less idiomatic than/or, and the plural pronoun those in E does not agree with the singular noun referent income. C, the best choice, uses the singular pronoun that to stand for income, thus establishing a logical comparison.

　　Answer to Question 3

　　In English, the idiom is requiring x toy or requiring that x y, with x as the noun subject and y the unconjugated form of the verb. Choice E, the best answer, follows the first paradigm. Choice A is less concise and contains the unnecessary should before retain, in B, the awkward shift to the passive construction makes workers the subject of show, thus producing the unintended statement that older workers [rather than employers} are required to show just cause for dismissal. Choices C and D are ungrammatical because the retaining and retention function as nouns, which cannot be joined by or to the verb show: grammar requires that the compound predicate consist of two verbs, retain... or show.

　　Answer to Question 4

　　Choice A is best. All of the other choices present errors in coordination or parallelism and also confusingly suggest that King's being a mystic and being guided... by omens... were separate matters. In addition, these choices contain errors in grammar and idiom. Choice B ungrammatically uses and also to link the noun mystic and the past participle guided. In choices C and D, that is required to introduce the clause x was a mystic if that introduces the second clause, he was guided.... In choice E, to have been a mystic and that he guided... are not parallel. Finally, B, D, and E use the unidiomatic both x as well as y instead of both x and y.

　　Answer to Question 5

　　In choices A, B, and C, the singular verb is does not agree with values, the subject of the sentence. Choices B, C, and D use awkward and wordy expressions. In B and D, the expression use as collateral to borrow against to get through... awkwardly juxtaposes two infinitives and is unnecessarily redundant, since use as collateral and borrow against have the same meaning. Choice C presents the wordy expression the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through..., in which the passive verb creates an awkward and confusing construction. Choice E, the best answer, succinctly and clearly identifies the Declining values as the collateral against which farmers borrow and correctly uses the plural verb are.

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