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SAT写作素材积累：发明创造

2018-03-27 09:51:09来源：网络

　　1901:Wireless transmission of a signal

　　On December 12, 1901,Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the Morse code letter "s" across theAtlantic from Cornwall, England, to St. John's, Newfoundland. Thisdemonstration of wireless transmission eventually paved the way for today'scomplex global (and interglobal) communications, including radio, radar, andeven signals from other planets.

　　1926:First public demonstration of television

　　On January 26, 1926, JohnLogie Baird displayed television for the first time in public at a departmentstore in London. This was the first major step in the advancement of televisionsince Paul Nipkow received a patent on his proposal for a mechanical televisionsystem in 1883. By 1993, there were 215 million television sets in the UnitedStates alone.

　　1947: Silicon chip

　　After ENIAC, the firstcomputer, was invented in 1946, researchers sought a more practical way toperform highly complex calculations. In 1947, three engineers (John Bardeen,William Shockley, and Walter Brattain) demonstrated that it was possible toselectively control the flow of electricity through silicon. This discovery ledto the creation of microprocessors and has since paved the way for today'shigh-speed, efficient computers.

　　1596: Flush toilet

　　British nobleman JohnHarington devised the first flushing "water closet," which featured awooden seat with a cistern and a valve for flushing. However, it wasn't untilthe nineteenth century when extensive sewage systems were introduced, that theflush toilet became as popular as the outhouse, the chamber pot, and thesecluded tree.

　　1834: Refrigerator

　　Modern refrigeration wasinvented by Jacob Perkins, a Massachusetts native residing in London. Perkins'spatented machine closely resembles today's refrigerator: a compressed fluid -ether for Perkins, Freon for us - evaporates to cool goods, then re-condenses.Today, fewer than one percent of American homes lack this cool convenience.

　　1854: Elevator

　　Elisha Graves Otisdemonstrated the world's first safe elevator at an 1854 New York City fair.Like other elevators, Otis's invention ran up and down on a rope coiled arounda power-driven drum. However, when Otis had his assistant cut the supportingrope, the public saw Otis's real innovation: a spring that set iron teeth intosecure notches when tension in the rope slackened.

　　1498: Toothbrush

　　In 1498, the Chineseinvented the toothbrush, a row of bristles mounted at right angles to astraight handle. Society has enjoyed cleaner teeth and brighter smiles eversince.

　　1582:Gregorian calendar

　　In 1582, Pope Gregory XIIIboldly changed the course of history and of timekeeping when he instituted thepresent-day Christian calendar. The Gregorian calendar chopped ten days off thepreviously-used Julian calendar, which had been the standard since 46 BC, andswitched New Year's Day from March to the first of January. The still-activeGregorian calendar is not quite accurate: it runs twenty-six seconds fast peryear.

　　1714: Mercury thermometer

　　Daniel Fahrenheit, a Germanphysicist working in Holland, invented the mercury thermometer. This inventionwas a more accurate temperature gauge than the alcohol-filled thermometer whichwas popular at the time. Fahrenheit's thermometer had three fixed points:water's freezing point, its boiling point, and the temperature of human blood.This temperature scale is still in use today.

　　1886: Coca-Cola

　　John Pemberton, an Atlantadruggist, invented the famous carbonated blend of coca leaf and kola nut in1886. Pemberton originally marketed his drink as "French wine of Coca - anideal Nerve Tonic and Stimulant," but today 606 million people choose Coke"just for the taste of it" every day.

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