SAT阅读快速提升攻克：科学文章

2018-11-06 11:52:21来源：新东方

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　　精读论点，略读列举或论据

　　[例3]：

　　The mental consequences of our online info-crunching are not universally bad. Certain cognitive skills are strengthened by our use of computers and the Net. These tend to involve more primitive mental functions, such as hand-eye coordination, reflex response, and the processing of visual cues. One much-cited study of video gaming revealed that after just 10 days of playing action games on computers, a group of young people had significantly boosted the speed with which they could shift their visual focus between various images and tasks. (来自OG Test 2第3篇)

　　比如这篇文章，因为我们对电脑和网络很熟悉，所以只看第二句就知道段落论点是什么，后面出现One much-cited study of video gaming revealed that肯定是支持论点的，我们读第一遍时就可以略过。

　　精读概述，略读数据部分

　　[例4]：

　　In the most extensive study of prodigies to date, the psychologist Joanne Ruthsatz and her colleagues administered the Stanford Binet intelligence test to 18 prodigies— five in art, eight in music, and five in math. There was a wide range of IQs in the sample, from 100—the average for the general population—to 147—well above the usual cutoff for “intellectually gifted.”

　　在这个句子里，18 prodigies和a wide range of IQs就是概述部分，后面five in art, eight in music, and five in math.和from 100—the average for the general population—to 147属于列举说明，是可以略读的。

　　[例5]：

　　During the past 8 million years, rates of erosion have varied from less than 0.01 millimeter per year (in central and western Australia and in central North America, for example) to as much as 10 mm/yr (at site in the Himalayas, Taiwan, and New Zealand).

　　同样地，在这段话里，0.01 millimeter per year和10 mm/yr这几个数字都不重要，也不需要重点关注，重点是rates of erosion varied这个信息。

　　略读已知概念的阐释

　　[例6]：

　　However, with an average score of 140 (above the 99th percentile), nearly all of the prodigies did extraordinarily well on the tests of working memory. Analogous to the central processing unit of a computer, working memory is a cognitive system responsible for carrying out the mental operations involved in complex tasks such as problem solving and language comprehension. It is what you use when you compute a tip for a dinner check in your head, or when you hold in mind the steps of a complex skill you are trying to learn.

　　比如上面这个例子，该段的重点内容是研究发现天才们的工作记忆(短时记忆)很强。如果你知道working memory是什么也能看出Analogous to the central processing unit of a computer, working memory is a cognitive system...这个句子功能是要解释这个概念，那么后面的内容就可以跳过了。

　　事实上，一个人的知识面越广，课外阅读量越大，速度就越快，这是因为普通读者需要依靠举例、列举等阐释才能理解的概念他们其实早就知道了，所以平时多积累各种百科知识也是很有帮助的。

　　对于不熟悉的话题，参考科学类文章的基本逻辑结构，读段落时判断逻辑结构，略读细节。

　　SAT考察的科学类文章大部分都是介绍最新的一项科研成果，其基本逻辑结构是这样的：

　　1)Introduce the topic 通过研究话题、趣闻轶事或研究结果引入话题;

　　2)research question and significance 研究问题与研究意义;

　　3)methodology 研究方法与研究设计(研究对象、研究工具、任务设计);

　　4)research process 研究过程;

　　5)research result 研究结果;

　　6)application and peer review 应用价值与同行评价。

　　我们读第一遍时，最重要的是读懂研究问题和研究结果，其余部分只需识别出其段落功能就行了。比如Princeton Review Test 1第5篇的背景介绍是这样的：

　　This passage is from Cesar A. Arias, M.D., Ph.D., and Barbara E. Murray, M.D., “Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs in the 21st Century ——A Clinical Super-Challenge.”2009 by New England Journal of Medicine.

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