SAT语法知识英文版

2019-09-23 16:33:00来源：网络

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　　1.Sentence structure problem

　　1) Independent clauses (clauses that can be sentences themselves)

　　Can be joined with comma + conjunction, or semicolon

　　Comma splice problem: independent clauses joined with ONLY a comma are wrong

　　Run-on sentence problem: independent clauses joined with nothing, wrong

　　2) Subordinate/dependent clauses (clauses that needs to latch onto an independent clause, e.g. “Sam is very dirty and needs a bath” – independence clause = Sam is very dirty, dependent clause = needs a bath, conjunction = and)

　　- often at the beginning/end of a sentence

　　- test for independent clauses: remove dependent clause, still makes sense

　　- Sentence fragment problem: several dependent clauses w/ no independent clause

　　2.Verb problem

　　1) all verbs should have the same form (to eat/to run, became/attended)

　　- Nouns describing a group of people (audience, family, USA) are singular

　　- Either, neither, none, each, anyone, no one, everyone are all singular

　　- Subjects joined by and are plural (X and Y are)

　　- Nouns joined by or can be either singular or plural, depending on the last noun given (Jane or John is, Jane or the girls are)

　　2) proper tense

　　- Verb tense does not change within a sentence (“In colonial times…did not…knew)

　　3.Noun problem

　　1) Subject-verb agreement

　　4.Pronoun problem (pronoun = word used to rep. a noun, e.g. ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’)

　　1) Agreement

　　- Everyone must hand in their homework is wrong, since ‘everyone’ is singular

　　2) Ambiguity

　　- It should be very clear which noun the pronoun is replacing – “Mary agreed with Martha that her porch” is incorrect since it is not clear whether her is Mary or Martha

　　3) Usage of right case (subjective/objective)

　　- Subjective pronoun does something, objective pronoun has things done to it

　　- I did it – ‘I’ is subjective (doing something), it happened to me – “me” is objective

　　- Subject pronouns: I/we, you/you, he/they, she/they, it/they, who/who

　　- Object pronouns: me/us, you/you, him/them, her/them, it/them, whom/whom

　　- The book belongs to ME, Claire is more creative than I (am).

　　5.Preposition problem (about, above, across, around, along – used to add info to a sentence)

　　1) Using different prepositions can change the meaning of a sentence

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