SAT写作素材的积累：反抗权威

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　　Is society better off when many people question authority?

　　The speaker asserts that when many people question authority society is better off . While I contend that certain forms of disobedience can be harmful to any society, I agree with the speaker otherwise. In fact, I would go further by contending that society’s well-being depends on challenges to authority, and that when it comes to political and legal authority, these challenges must come from many people.

　　本段必背短语：better off好

　　Certain forms of disobedience某些形式的反抗(注意积累 “反抗权威”的表达方式)

　　Admittedly, when many people question authority some societal harm might result, even if a social cause is worthy. Mass resistance to authority can escalate to violent protest and rioting, during which innocent people are hurt and their property damaged and destroyed. The fallout from the 1992 Los Angeles riots aptly illustrates this point. The “authority” that the rioters sought to challenge was that of the legal justice system, which acquitted police officers in the beating of Rodney King. The means of challenging that authority amounted to flagrant disregard for criminal law on a mass scale-by way of looting, arson, and even deadly assault. This violent challenge to authority resulted in a financially crippled community and , more broadly, a turning back of the clock with respect to racial tensions across America.

　　本段必背短语：question authority质疑权威

　　Mass resistance to authority大部分人反抗权威

　　Escalate升级

　　Protest and rioting反抗和暴动

　　The ...aptly illustrates this point.(本句可作为模板句使用)

　　While violence is rarely justifiable as a means of questioning authority, peaceful challenges to political and legal authority, by many people, are not only justifiable but actually necessary when it comes to enhancing and even preserving society’s well-being. In particular, progress in human rights depends on popular dissension. It is not enough for a charismatic visionary like Gandhi or King to call for change in the name of justice and humanity; they must have the support of many people in order to effect change. Similarly, in a democracy citizens must respect timeless legal doctrines and principles, yet at the same time question the fairness and relevance of current laws. Otherwise, our laws would not evolve to reflect changing societal values. It is not enough for a handful of legislators to challenge the legal status quo; ultimately, it is up to the electorate at large to call for change when change is needed for the well-being of society.

　　本段必背短语：justifiable有道理的

　　Status quo现状

　　Questioning authority is also essential for advances in the sciences. Passive acceptance of prevailing principles quells innovation, invention, and discovery, all of which clearly benefit any society. In fact, the very notion of scientific progress is predicated on rigorous scientific inquiry- in other words, questioning of authority. For example, the theories of a sun-centered solar system, of humankind’s evoluting from other life-forms, and of the relativity of time and space,clearly flew in the face of “authoritative” scientific as well as religious doctrine of their time. Moreover, when it comes to science a successful challenge to authority need not come from a large number of people. The key contributions of a few individuals—like Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, and Hawking—often suffice.

　　本段必背句子：Passive acceptance of prevailing principles quells innovation, invention, and discovery, all of which clearly benefit any society. 被动地接受权威压抑创新、发明和发现。所有这些(指创新发明发现)对社会都是有好处的。

　　Similarly, in the arts, people must challenge established styles and forms rather than imitate them; otherwise, no genuinely new art would ever emerge, and society would be worse off. And again, it is not necessary that a large number of people pose such challenges; a few key individuals can have a profound impact. For instance, modern ballet owes much of what is new and exciting to George Ballanchine, who by way of his improvisational techniques posed a successful challenge to established traditions. And modern architecture arguably owes its existence to the founders of Germany’s Bauhaus School of Architecture, which challenged certain “authoritative” notions about the proper objective, and resulting design, of public buildings.

　　本段必背句子：Similarly, in the arts, people must challenge established styles and forms rather than imitate them; otherwise, no genuinely new art would ever emerge, and society would be worse off.同样，在艺术上，人们也必须反对业已确立的形式而不是一味模仿。否则，新的艺术就不会出现，社会会变差(这里用了better off 的反义短语worse off)

　　To sum up, in general I agree that when many people question authority the well-being of society is enhanced. Indeed, advances in government and law depend on challenges to the status quo by many people. Nevertheless, to ensure a net benefit rather than harm, the means of such challenges must be peaceful ones.

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