SAT阅读背景解放黑人奴隶宣言

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　　美国《解放黑人奴隶宣言》(1862年)

　　阿佰拉罕·林肯

　　有鉴于1862年9月22日，联邦总统已经公布了一项宣言，包含如下内容，即：

　　自公元1863年1月1日起，任何一州内指定地区要是仍有蓄有奴隶，当地人们将视为反叛合众国政府。一切被蓄为奴的人应该获得自由，并永享自由。合众国政府，包括陆海军当局，承认并维护上述人员之自由。对于此种人或其中任何一人为争取自由而作努力，不采取任何压制行动。

　　从上述的1月1日起，总统将认定并宣布那些为反叛合众国政府的州或州内地区。其他各州及当地人人民如于该日确有由该州多数合格选民选出的代表真诚地参加合众国国会，倘物其他有力之反证，该州及其人民将被确认为不反叛合众国政府。因此，我，合众国总统阿佰拉罕·林肯，际此合众国政府及其权威受到武装叛乱反对时期，依据合众国政陆海军总司令职权，为剿灭上述叛乱而采取适当与必须的军事手段，在此公元1863年1月1日，于上次为此目的而发表之宣言满一百日之际，正式宣布并认定下列各州、州内地区及其人民反叛合众国政府，即，阿肯色州、德克萨斯州、路易斯安那州(以下除外：”圣佰纳、帕拉奎明斯、杰弗逊、圣约翰、圣查理士、圣詹姆士、阿克森、阿森姆逊、特里本、拉孚切、圣玛丽、圣马丁和奥尔良各教区、新奥尔良市)、密西西比州、亚拉巴马洲、弗罗里达州、佐治亚洲、南卡罗来纳州、北卡罗来纳州及弗吉尼亚洲(除指定为西弗吉尼亚的四十八个县及其柏克莱、阿康马克、诺斯汉姆顿、伊丽萨白市、约克、安公主与诺福克，包括诺福克市及朴茨茅斯市)。明确规定，对上述除外的各地区目前保持本宣言公布之原状。

　　根据上述目的及我有之权力，我正式命令并宣布，在上述指明的各州及州内地区，所有被蓄为了奴隶的人，从现在起。获得自由。并永享自由，合众国政府，包括其陆海军当局，承认及维护上述人员之自由。

　　我在此责成上述宣告获得自由之人员，除必须之自卫，应该避免使用任何暴力;同时劝告他们，只要可能。在任何情况下都应该忠实工作，取得合理的薪金。

　　我还要宣布周知，上述人员如条件符合，可为了合众国征集入伍及警卫堡垒要塞、据点兵站及其他地方;亦可在各种军舰上服务。

　　我真诚地认为，这是一个正义的行动，此行动由于军事之必须，为宪法所认可。我要求人类判断此行动时预以谅解，请求全能上帝慈悲赐福。

　　The Emancipation Proclamation

　　Whereas， on the 22d dayof September， in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two，a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States， containing，among other things， the following，to wit：

　　“That on the firstday of January， in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred andsixty-three， all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part ofa State， the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the UnitedStates， shall be then， thenceforward， and forever free; and the ExecutiveGovernment of the United States， including the military and naval authoritythereof， will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons， and will dono act or acts to repress such persons， or any of them， in any efforts they maymake for their actual freedom.

　　“That theExecutive will， on the first day of January aforesaid， by proclamation，designate the States and parts of States，if any， in which the people thereof，respectively， shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and thefact that any State， or the people thereof，shall on that day be， in good faith，represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen there to atelections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall haveparticipated， shall， in the absence of strong countervailing testimony， bedeemed conclusive evidence that such State，and the people thereof， are not thenin rebellion against the United States.”

　　Now， therefore I，Abraham Lincoln， President of the United States， by virtue of the power in mevested as Commander-in-Chief， ofthe Army and Navy of the United States in timeof actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the UnitedStates， and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion，do， on this first day of January， in the year of our Lord one thousand eighthundred and sixty-three，and in accordance with my purpose so to do publiclyproclaimed for the full period of one hundred days， from the day first abovementioned， order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the peoplethereof respectively， are this day in rebellion against the United States， thefollowing， to wit：

　　Arkansas， Texas，Louisiana (except the Parishes of St.Bernard， Plaquemines， Jefferson， St. John，St. Charles， St. James， Ascension，Assumption， Terrebonne， Lafourche， St. Mary，St. Martin， and Orleans， including the City of New Orleans)， Mississippi，Alabama， Florida， Georgia， South Carolina， North Carolina， and Virginia (exceptthe forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia， and also the counties of Berkeley，Accomack，Northampton， Elizabeth City， York， Princess Anne， and Norfolk，including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth)， and which excepted parts， arefor the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

　　And by virtue of the power，and for the purpose aforesaid， I do order and declare that all persons held asslaves within said designated States， and parts of States， are， andhenceforward shall be free;and that the Executive government of the UnitedStates， including the military and naval authorities thereof， will recognizeand maintain the freedom of said persons.

　　And I hereby enjoinupon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence， unless innecessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that， in all cases whenallowed， they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

　　And I further declareand make known， that such persons of suitable condition， will be received intothe armed service of theUnited Statesto garrison forts， positions，stations， and other places， and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

　　And upon this act，sincerely believed to be an act of justice， warranted by the Constitution uponmilitary necessity， I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind， and thegracious favor of Almighty God.

　　In witness whereof， Ihave here unto set my hand and caused the seal of theUnited Statesto be affixed.

　　Done at the City of Washington， this first day of January， in the year of ourLord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three，and of the Independenceof theUnited States of Americathe eighty-seventh.

　　By the President：Abraham Lincoln

　　William H.Seward，Secretary of State.

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