AP美国历史词汇（十二）

　　新东方在线AP为大家整理了AP宏观经济学词汇、AP化学词汇合集等内容，今天带来的是AP美国历史词汇(十二)相关内容，希望对大家AP考试有所帮助!

关注微信公众号，回复【留学】，领取全部资料

　　AP美国历史词汇(十二)

　　Beatniks

　　避世派

　　Beatnik was a media stereotype of the 1950s to mid-1960s that displayed the more superficial aspects of the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s and violent film images, along with a cartoonish depiction of the real-life people and the spiritual quest in Jack Kerouac's autobiographical fiction.

　　Civil Rights Commission 民权委员会

　　The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights is historically a bipartisan, independent commission of the U.S. federal government, created in 1957, that is charged with the responsibility for investigating, reporting on, and making recommendations concerning civil rights issues that face the nation.

　　New Frontier 新边疆(美国肯尼迪时期的施政方针)

　　The term New Frontier was used by liberal, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him.

　　Peace Corps 美国和平部队

　　The Peace Corps is a U.S. government organization that sends people to help with projects in developing countries.

　　Alliance for Progress

　　进步联盟，美国和拉美国家共同推动的拉美经济社会发展计划，由约翰•F•肯尼迪提出

　　The Alliance for Progress (Spanish: Alianza para el Progreso) initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America.

　　Trade Expansion Act 贸易扩张法

　　Under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, the United States Congress granted the White House unprecedented authority to negotiate tariff reductions of up to 50%. It paved the way for the Kennedy Round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("GATT") negotiations, concluding on June 30, 1967 — the last day before expiration of the Act.

　　Bay of Pigs 猪湾(古巴西南海岸的湾)

　　An inlet of the Gulf of Cazones located on the southern coast of Cuba. By 1910, it was included in Santa Clara Province, and then instead to Las Villas Province by 1961, but in 1976, it was reassigned to Matanzas Province,when the original six provinces of Cuba were re-organized into 14 new Provinces of Cuba.

　　Berlin Wall 柏林墙

　　A barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until it was opened in November 1989.

　　Cuban missile crisis 古巴导弹危机

　　The Cuban missile crisis—also known as the October Crisis, The Missile Scare or the Caribbean Crisis was a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.

　　flexible response 肯尼迪政府的灵活反应战略，倡导运用广泛的外交政策手段来遏制苏联的扩张。

　　Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of Massive Retaliation. Flexible response calls for mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, and conventional levels, giving the United States the capability to respond to aggression across the spectrum of warfare, not limited only to nuclear arms.

　　Warren Commission 华伦委员会(1963 年为调查肯尼迪被刺而设)

　　The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963.

　　War on Poverty 向贫困宣战(美国总统林顿约翰逊于1964 年提出)

　　The War on Poverty is the unofficial name for legislation first introduced by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964.

　　Elementary and Secondary Education Act

　　初等和中等教育法案

　　The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed as a part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty" and has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by Congress.The act is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education.It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability. In addition, the bill aims to shorten the achievement gaps between students by providing each child with fair and equal opportunities to achieve an exceptional education.

　　Civil Rights Act of 1964

　　1964 年《民权法案》

　　The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as "public accommodations").

　　Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 就业机会均等委员会

　　The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a federal law enforcement agency that enforces laws against workplace discrimination. The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individual's race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability, genetic information, and retaliation for reporting, participating in, and/or opposing a discriminatory practice.

　　Voting Rights Act of 1965

　　1965年选举权法

　　The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the American Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act allowed for a mass enfranchisement of racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South.

　　March on Washington 向华盛顿进军

　　The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom or "The Great March on Washington", as styled in a sound recording released after the event, was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It took place in Washington, D.C.

　　Malcolm X 马尔科姆艾克斯 (美国黑人领袖)

　　Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.

　　Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 学生非暴力协调委员会

　　The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960.

　　Kerner Commission 克内委员会

　　The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, known as the Kerner Commission after its chair, Governor Otto Kerner, Jr. of Illinois, was an 11-member commission established by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States and to provide recommendations for the future.

　　Equal Pay Act 同酬法案

　　The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States federal law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex. It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program.

　　Equal Rights Amendment 平等权利修正案

　　The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women.

　　Tonkin Gulf Resolution 东京湾决议案

　　The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution or the Southeast Asia Resolution, Pub.L. 88–408, 78 Stat. 384, enacted August 10, 1964, was a joint resolution that the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S.

　　President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of "conventional'' military force in Southeast Asia.

　　Tet Offensive 新年攻势(战役名称)

　　The Tet Offensive was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against the forces of South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.

　　Vietnamization (越南战争中的)越南化; 美国将作战和指导战争的任务移交给南越的政策

　　Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.' involvement in the war and "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops".

　　Nixon Doctrine 尼克松主义

　　The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was put forth during a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U.S. President Richard Nixon and later formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3 1969. According to Gregg Brazinsky, Nixon stated that "the United States would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends," but would not "undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world."

　　Pentagon Papers 五角大楼文件(指美国国防部关于越南战争的秘密文件)

　　The Pentagon Papers, officially titled United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political-military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967.

　　New Federalism 新联邦主义

　　New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that of the eighteenth-century political philosophy of Federalism, is the restoration to the states of some of the autonomy and power which they lost to the federal government as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.

　　stagflation [经] 滞胀，不景气状况下之物价上涨

　　Stagflation, a portmanteau of stagnation and inflation, is a term used in economics to describe a situation where the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows down, and unemployment remains steadily high. It raises a dilemma for economic policy since actions designed to lower inflation may exacerbate unemployment, and vice versa.

　　Southern strategy 南方策略

　　In American politics, the Southern strategy refers to a Republican Party strategy of gaining political support for certain candidates in the Southern United States by appealing to racism against African Americans.

　　你是否还想知道

　　AP各科目词汇完整版【合集】

SAT水平能力测试【0元免费测试】