AP统计学词汇（三）

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　　AP统计学词汇(三)

　　resistant statistic 抗性统计量 n.

　　Resistant statistics don’t change, or change very little, when outliers are added to the mix.

　　response variable 因变量 n.

　　A variable whose value depends on the value of an independent variable. Equivalent to “dependent variable”.

　　restriction 限制 n.

　　To restrict means to give a limit to something. For example, in statistics, restricting the range is a process by which you limit your data set to a subset of the data.

　　reveal 透露; 显示 v.

　　To make (previously unknown information) known to others

　　sample survey 抽样检查 n.

　　A survey carried out using a sampling method, in which only a portion, but not the whole population, is surveyed.

　　sampling frame 抽样框 n.

　　A list of the items or people forming a population from which a sample is taken.

　　scatterplot 散点图 n.

　　A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scatter graph is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data.

　　scope 范围 n.

　　In statistics, the scope is the coverage or sphere of what is to be observed. It is the total membership or population of a defined set of people, object, or events.

　　sensitivity 灵敏度 n.

　　In statistics, sensitivity (also called the true positive rate) measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such.

　　shift 移动 n. v.

　　If you shift something or if something shifts, it moves slightly.

　　shuffle 洗 (牌) v.

　　If you shuffle playing cards, you mix them up before you begin a game.

　　significance 显著性 n.

　　Statistical significance is a measure of whether your research findings are meaningful. It refers to the claim that a result from data generated by testing or experimentation is not likely to occur randomly or by chance.

　　significant 显著的 adj.

　　A statistical finding is significant if it is meaningful and has significance, the result of which is unlikely due to chance.

　　skewness 偏度 n.

　　A measure of the asymmetry of a data distribution; the degree of distortion from the symmetrical bell curve in a probability distribution.

　　slope 斜率 n.

　　The slope of a line is a measurement of how many units it goes up or down for every unit we move to the right.For linear equations, k=(y1-y2)/(x1-x2)

　　solicit 请求给予 v.

　　If you solicit money, help, support, or an opinion from someone, you ask them for it.

　　spread 统计分布/离散度 n.

　　In statistics, a measure of spread (sometimes also called a measure of dispersion), is used to describe the variability in a sample or population. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation and interquartile range.

　　standard deviation 标准差 n.

　　Standard deviation is a measure of spread so it is sensitive to the spread of data and is influenced by extreme values.

　　stratified sampling 分层抽样 n.

　　In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary,it is advantageous to sample each subpopulation (stratum) independently, which is called stratified sampling. Stratification is the process of dividing members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling. The strata should be mutually exclusive: every element in the population must be assigned to only one stratum.

　　stratum 层级 n.

　　In statistics, a stratum (plural strata) refers to a subset of the population grouped together based on the attributes of the members of the subset.

　　strength (相关性)强度 n.

　　The closer the correlation coefficient is to +1 or -1, the stronger the correlation is.

　　subset 子集 n.

　　A subset of a group of things is a smaller number of things that belong together within that group.

　　subsidy 补贴金 n.

　　A subsidy is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service.

　　survey 调查 n.

　　A survey is an investigation about the characteristics of a given population by means of collecting data from a sample of that population and estimating their characteristic through the systematic use of statistical methodology.

　　symmetric 对称的 adj.

　　A symmetric distribution is a type of distribution where the left side of the distribution mirrors the right side, so that observations equidistant from the central maximum have the same frequency.

　　systematically 有系统地;有组织地 adv.

　　According to a fixed plan or system; Methodically.

　　tendency 倾向 n. A general change or development in a particular direction.

　　therapy (针对某种病情的) 疗法 n.

　　Therapy or a therapy is a treatment for a particular illness or condition.

　　transform 使改变; 使转换 v.

　　To transform something into something else means to change or convert it into that thing.

　　unbiased estimator 无偏估计量 n.

　　An unbiased estimator is a statistic with an expected value that matches its corresponding population parameter.

　　under-coverage 覆盖面不足 n.

　　Under-coverage results from the omission from the frame of units belonging to the target population. It happens when there are units included in the frame but should be.

　　union 并集 n.

　　The union of two sets is the set of elements that belong to one or both sets. Symbolically, the union of X and Y is denoted by X ∪ Y.

　　univariate 单变的，单变量的 adj.

　　Univariate analysis is the simplest form of analyzing data as it has only one variable. It doesn’t deal with causes or relationships and its major purpose is to describe. It takes data, summarizes that data and finds patterns in the data.

　　validity 可靠性/有效性 n.

　　In statistics, validity is generally accepted as the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and corresponds accurately to the real world.

　　variable 变量/可变因素 n.

　　In statistics, a variable has two defining characteristics: it is an attribute that describes a person, place, thing, or idea, and its value can vary (change).

　　variance 方差 n.

　　In probability theory and statistics, variance measures how far a set of numbers is spread out. A variance of zero indicates that all the values are identical.

　　vertical 垂直的 adj.

　　Perpendicular (at an angle of 90 degrees) to the plane of the horizon or to a primary axis; Upright.

　　voluntary 自愿的 adj.

　　Voluntary actions or activities are done because someone chooses to do them and not because they have been forced to do them.

　　volunteer 志愿者 n.

　　A volunteer is someone who does work without being paid for it, because they want to do it.

　　yield 产出/收益 n. v. To produce or provide; The full amount of a product.

　　z-score 标准分(Z 得分)n.

　　In statistics, the standard score is the (signed) number of standard deviations an observation or datum is above the mean.

　　confidence interval

　　置信区间 n.

　　A confidence interval gives an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter

　　margin of error 边际误差 n.

　　A margin of error tells you how many percentage points your results will differ from the real population value.; (critical value)·(standard error)

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