AP心理学词汇（二）

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　　AP心理学词汇（二）

　　factorial 阶乘 n.

　　The product of all the positive integers from one up to and including a given integer. Factorial zero is assigned the value of one, expressed as (0!) = 1;

　　factorial four is 1 × 2 × 3 × 4, expressed as (4!) = 24

　　favor 喜爱; 支持 n. If you regard something or someone with favor, you like or support them.

　　formula 方程 n.

　　A formula is a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols. Statistical formula can be defined as the group of statistical symbols used to make a statistical statement.

　　frequency 频率 n.

　　The frequency of an event is the number of times it happens during a particular period.

　　generate 产生 v. To generate a form of energy or power means to produce it.

　　horizontal 水平的; 横的 adj. Flat and level.

　　hypothesis 假设 n.

　　A hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible explanation for a particular situation or condition, but which has not yet been proved to be correct.

　　impose 使承受 (令人不快之事物) v.

　　If something imposes strain, pressure, or suffering on someone, it causes them to experience it.

　　inclusive 包括(首末项)在内的 adj.

　　Including both of the endpoints of an interval. For example, “the interval from 1 to 2, inclusive” means the closed interval written as [1,2].

　　independence 独立 n.

　　Two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other (equivalently, does not affect the odds).

　　influence 影响 n. v.

　　To have an effect on something, such as to cause something to change; to affect.

　　influential 有影响的 adj.

　　In statistics, an influential observation is an observation for a statistical calculation whose deletion from the dataset would noticeably change the result of the calculation.

　　interpolation 插值法 n.

　　In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points.

　　interquartile range 四分位距 n.

　　The range of values of the variable in a statistical distribution that lies between the upper and lower quartiles; it equals the difference between 75 th and 25th quartiles; also called “the middle 50”.

　　intersection 交点;交集 n.

　　In statistics, the intersection of two sets is the set of elements that belong to both sets.

　　interval 间隔 n.

　　In mathematics and statistics, what is between two values or points is called an interval.

　　jar (用于存放食物的) 玻璃罐 n.

　　A jar is a glass container with a lid that is used for storing food.

　　justifiable 正当的/有理由的 adj.

　　An action, situation, emotion, or idea that is justifiable is acceptable or correct because there is a good reason for it.

　　linear 线性的 adj.

　　A linear process or development is one in which something changes or progresses straight from one stage to another with a starting point and an ending points.

　　linear regression 线性回归 n.

　　In statistics, linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between a scalar dependent variable y and one or more explanatory variables (or independent variable) denoted X.

　　logarithm 对数 n.

　　In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation; it is a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number.

　　lurking variable 潜在变量 n.

　　The concept of lurking variable can be used interchangeably with confounding variable, with limited subtle differences.

　　majority 多数 n. The majority of people or things in a group is more than half of them.

　　manipulate 操控 v.

　　To skillfully handle, control, or use something (or someone) towards one’s own purpose.

　　marble 弹子, 弹珠 n. A small glass ball with colors.

　　mean 平均值 n. The mean is a number that is the average of a set of numbers.

　　median 中位数 n.

　　The median value of a set of values is the middle one when they are arranged in order. For example, if a group of five students take a test and their scores are 5, 7, 7, 8, and 10, the median score is 7.

　　mutually exclusive 互斥 adj.

　　If two things are mutually exclusive, they are separate and very different from each other, so that it is impossible for them to exist or happen together.

　　negative correlation 负相关 n.

　　A relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases.

　　null hypothesis 原假设 n.

　　In a statistical test, a null hypothesis is the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.

　　numerical 用数字表达的; 数字的 adj.

　　Numerical means expressed in numbers or relating to numbers.

　　observation 观察 n.

　　An observation in statistics is a value of something of interest you’re measuring or counting during a study or experiment:

　　observed value 观测值 n.

　　In probability and statistics, a realization, or observed value, of a random variable is the value that is actually observed (what actually happened).

　　obvious 明显的 adj. If something is obvious, it is easy to see or understand.

　　outlier 离群值 n.

　　An extreme deviation from the mean.

　　pair 配对 n. v.

　　If one thing is paired with another, it is put with it or considered with it.

　　parallel 平行的 adj.

　　If two lines, two objects, or two lines of movement are parallel, they are the same distance apart along their whole length.

　　parameter 参数，范围 n.

　　A statistical parameter or population parameter is a quantity entering into the probability distribution of a statistic or a random variable. It can be regarded as a numerical characteristic of a statistical population or a statistical model.

　　particular 专指的 adj.

　　You use particular to emphasize that you are talking about one thing or one kind of thing rather than other similar ones.

　　permutation 排列 n.

　　A permutation is one of the ways in which a number of things can be ordered or arranged.

　　placebo (无药用效果的)安慰剂 n.

　　A placebo is a substance with no chemical effects that a doctor gives to a patient instead of a drug. Placebos are used when testing new drugs or sometimes when a patient has imagined their illness.

　　positive correlation 正相关 n.

　　A relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases.

　　power 幂 n.

　　A mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself.

　　precise 精确的 adj. Exact and accurate.

　　predict 预言 v. If you predict an event, you say that it will happen.

　　procedure 程序 n. A procedure is a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way.

　　proportion (某部分在总体中所占的) 比例 n.

　　The proportion of one kind of person or thing in a group is the number of people or things of that kind compared to the total number of people or things in the group, expressed in the decimal form of a percentage. (100% = 1.000)

　　propose 建议 v.

　　If you propose something such as a plan or an idea, you suggest it for people to think about and decide upon.

　　quadratic 二次的(方程式) adj.

　　An equation involving the second and no higher power of an unknown quantity or variable.

　　quartile 四分位数 n.

　　When data is arranged from smallest to largest, the first quartile means the lowest 25% of numbers, second is between 25% and 50%, third is 50% to 75%, while the quartile is the highest 25% of numbers.

　　reciprocal 倒数 n.

　　One of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2; the multiplicative inverse of 7 is 1/7.

　　reject 拒绝 v.

　　If you reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it.

　　relative 比较而言的 adj.

　　You use relative when you are comparing the quality or size of two things.

　　reliable 可靠的 adj.

　　People or things that are reliable can be trusted to work well or to behave in the way that you want them to.

　　replacement 代替; 取代; 更换 n.

　　If you refer to the replacement of one thing by another, you mean that the second thing takes the place of the first.

　　replication 重复(实验)n.

　　In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the repetition of an experimental condition so that the variability associated with the phenomenon can be estimated.

　　representative 有代表性的 adj.

　　A representative sample is a small quantity of something that accurately reflects the larger entity. A statistic is representative if it represents the attributes of a known parameter in the population.

　　residual 残差 n.

　　Residual in statistics refers to the difference between the calculated value of the dependent variable against a predicted value.

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