SAT语法模拟练习题七（附答案解析）

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　　11. Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess."

　　(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers

　　(B) Basing it on various ancient writers' accounts

　　(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis

　　(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used

　　(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers

　　12. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

　　(A) Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

　　(B) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses.

　　(C) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big

　　businesses.

　　(D) Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.

　　(E) New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

　　13. State officials report that soaring rates of liability insurance have risen to force cutbacks in the operations of everything from local governments and school districts to day-care centers and recreational facilities.

　　(A) rates of liability insurance have risen to force

　　(B) rates of liability insurance are a force for

　　(C) rates for liability insurance are forcing

　　(D) rises in liability insurance rates are forcing

　　(E) liability insurance rates have risen to force

　　14. Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.

　　(A) at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of

　　(B) as being 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of

　　(C) that it is 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was

　　(D) to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of

　　(E) as 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was

　　15. In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director of the Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes mood swings.

　　which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis.

　　(A) mood swings, which may be violent without their being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis

　　(B) mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis ,

　　(C) between mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease, and genuine manic-depressive psychosis

　　(D) between mood swings, perhaps violent without being grounded in mental disease, from genuine manic-depressive psychosis

　　(E) genuine manic-depressive psychosis and mood swings, which may be violent without being grounded in mental disease

　　Answer to Question 11

　　In choice A, the introductory clause beginning Based on modifies scholars, the noun that immediately follows it:

　　in other words, A says that scholars were based on the accounts of various ancient writers. Choice B is awkward and imprecise in that the referent for the pronoun it is not immediately clear. C and D are also wordy and awkward, and in D By the accounts... they used is an unidiomatic and roundabout way of saying that scholars used me accounts. E, the best choice, is clear and concise; it correctly uses a present participle (or　"-ing" verb) to introduce the modifier describing how the scholars worked.

　　Answer to Question 12

　　In A, the they after because is ambiguous; it seems illogically to refer to Formulas because they and Formulas are each the grammatical subject of a clause and because the previous they refers to Formulas. In A and B, do not apply to... in the same way as they do to is wordy and awkward. D, the best choice, says more concisely in the same way as to. Also in B, because they refers to formulas, the introductory clause states confusedly that the formulas are growing. In C and E, subject to the [same] applicability of... is wordy, awkward, and imprecise; furthermore, are is preferable either before or after established big businesses to complete the comparison. Finally, the referent of they is not immediately clear in E.

　　Answer to Question 13

　　In choices A and B, rates of is incorrect; when rates means "prices charged," it should be followed by for. Also in B, are a force for does not accurately convey the meaning that the soaring rates are actually forcing cutbacks in the present. In A and E, it is redundant to say that soaring rates have risen. Similarly, the word rises makes D redundant. C, the best choice, is idiomatic and concise, and it correctly uses the progressive verb form are forcing to indicate an ongoing situation.

　　Answer to Question 14

　　D, the best choice, correctly follows estimated with to be. The other choices present structures that are not idiomatic when used in conjunction with estimated. Choices B, C, and E all mismatch the singular verb provides with its plural subject, fragments, and in choices C and E, what was is unnecessary and wordy. In choice C, the use of the verb phrase estimated that it is produces an ungrammatical sentence.

　　Answer to Question 15

　　The best choice is C because it uses the idiomatically correct expression distinguishes between x and y and because it provides a structure in which the relative clause beginning which may be violent clearly modifies mood swings. The other choices use distinguishes in unidiomatic constructions. Additionally, their in A is intrusive and unnecessary, and the modifier of mood swings in B and D (perhaps violent) is awkward and less clear than the more developed clause which may be violent.

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