SAT阅读练习题｜附答案解析（九）

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　　10 mins - 7 questions

　　The extract is taken from a book written sixty years ago by a British scientist in which he considers the relationship between science and society.

　　The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its

　　introduction into education would remove the conventionality,

　　artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic;

　　of classical studies, but they were gravely disappointed. So, too, in

　　5 their time had the humanists thought that the study of the classical

　　authors in the original would banish at once the dull pedantry and

　　superstition of mediaeval scholasticism. The professional

　　schoolmaster was a match for both of them, and has almost

　　managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull

　　10 and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgil's Aeneid.

　　The chief claim for the use of science in education is that it

　　teaches a child something about the actual universe in which he is

　　living, in making him acquainted with the results of scientific

　　15 discovery, and at the same time teaches him how to think logically

　　and inductively by studying scientific method. A certain limited

　　success has been reached in the first of these aims, but practically

　　none at all in the second. Those privileged members of the

　　community who have been through a secondary or public school

　　20 education may be expected to know something about the

　　elementary physics and chemistry of a hundred years ago, but they

　　probably know hardly more than any bright boy can pick up from

　　an interest in wireless or scientific hobbies out of school hours.

　　As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably

　　25 a farce. Actually, for the convenience of teachers and the

　　requirements of the examination system, it is necessary that the

　　pupils not only do not learn scientific method but learn precisely

　　the reverse, that is, to believe exactly what they are told and to

　　reproduce it when asked, whether it seems nonsense to them or

　　30 not. The way in which educated people respond to such quackeries

　　as spiritualism or astrology, not to say more dangerous ones such

　　as racial theories or currency myths, shows that fifty years of

　　education in the method of science in Britain or Germany has

　　produced no visible effect whatever. The only way of learning the

　　35 method of science is the long and bitter way of personal

　　experience, and, until the educational or social systems are altered

　　to make this possible, the best we can expect is the production of a

　　minority of people who are able to acquire some of the techniques

　　of science and a still smaller minority who are able to use and

　　40 develop them.

　　1. The author implies that the 'professional schoolmaster' (line 7) has

　　A. no interest in teaching science

　　B. thwarted attempts to enliven education

　　C. aided true learning

　　D. supported the humanists

　　E. been a pioneer in both science and humanities.

　　2. The author’s attitude to secondary and public school education in the sciences is

　　A. ambivalent

　　B. neutral

　　C. supportive

　　D. satirical

　　E. contemptuous

　　3. The word ‘palpably’ (line 24) most nearly means

　　A. empirically

　　B. obviously

　　C. tentatively

　　D. markedly

　　E. ridiculously

　　4. The author blames all of the following for the failure to impart scientific method through the education system except

　　A. poor teaching

　　B. examination methods

　　C. lack of direct experience

　　D. the social and education systems

　　E. lack of interest on the part of students

　　5. If the author were to study current education in science to see how things have changed since he wrote the piece, he would probably be most interested in the answer to which of the following questions?

　　A. Do students know more about the world about them?

　　B. Do students spend more time in laboratories?

　　C. Can students apply their knowledge logically?

　　D. Have textbooks improved?

　　E. Do they respect their teachers?

　　6. Astrology (line 31) is mentioned as an example of

　　A. a science that needs to be better understood

　　B. a belief which no educated people hold

　　C. something unsupportable to those who have absorbed the methods of science

　　D. the gravest danger to society

　　E. an acknowledged failure of science

　　7. All of the following can be inferred from the text except

　　A. at the time of writing, not all children received a secondary school education

　　B. the author finds chemical reactions interesting

　　C. science teaching has imparted some knowledge of facts to some children

　　D. the author believes that many teachers are authoritarian

　　E. it is relatively easy to learn scientific method.

　　1.Correct Answer: B

　　Explanation:

　　When we look back to line 7, we read, "The professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them, and has almost managed to make the understanding of chemical reactions as dull and as dogmatic an affair as the reading of Virgil's Aeneid."

　　This tells us that the schoolmaster has made learning dull. And so we eliminate answers C and E which imply he has done something good.

　　But to be sure of the answer we should also read the previous sentences. We learn that, "The pioneers of the teaching of science imagined that its introduction into education would remove the conventionality, artificiality, and backward-lookingness which were characteristic of classical studies......" This section tells us that other people tried to alter the nature of education, but the "professional schoolmaster was a match for both of them". He therefore prevented (thwarted) these attempts, and the answer is B.

　　2.Correct Answer: E

　　Explanation:

　　To find the attitude, try asking yourself whether the author is positive, negative or neutral to the subject. Then look for the evidence. Here, it is obvious that he thinks that nothing very valuable is learned in school about science and scientific method. He is therefore negative. Eliminate the neutral (A and B) words, and the positive (C), and then decide between D and E. He seems to be expressing contempt rather than mocking. And so E is the best choice.

　　3.Correct Answer: B

　　Explanation:

　　Go back to the text and find a word of your own to replace ‘palpably’ before you even look at the choices. We read, "As to the learning of scientific method, the whole thing is palpably a farce." Here, I could substitute ‘obviously’ or ‘clearly’. As it happens, one of the words is there in the choices. (B). If it had not been there, there would have been something sufficiently similar to make a choice.

　　4.Correct Answer: E

　　Explanation:

　　Be careful on ‘except’ questions. You are looking for something the author does not do.

　　He does blame poor teaching, (lines 7-10), exams (line 26), social and education systems (line 36), lack of direct experience (lines 34-38), but he never blames the students. Hence answer E.

　　5.Correct Answer: C

　　Explanation:

　　This is an ‘inference’ question. We need to find out what the author’s main complaint is. This concern of the author will tells us what he would like to see. From lines 11 to 18 in particular we learn that he is especially interested in whether a student can apply his or her knowledge. So, we conclude that answer C is best.

　　6.Correct Answer: C

　　Explanation:

　　Astrology is mentioned as a ‘quackery’. Quackery is something that claims to be true but is actually based on falsity. He implies that people are fooled by astrology, but he also implies that there are other more ‘dangerous’ ideas. So we eliminate A, B and D. It is not likely that astrology is a ‘failure of science’, but it is something that scientists would not approve of. Hence answer C.

　　7.Correct Answer: E

　　Explanation:

　　This is an ‘except’ question. Be careful! You are looking for something that cannot be inferred from the text. We can find evidence that the author finds reactions interesting (line 9), and that children have learnt some facts (beginning of the second paragraph), and that he thinks teachers are strict (line 10 and part of paragraph 2). We can also infer from the use of the phrase ‘privileged members’ (line 18) that he believes that not all received secondary education. But we find that he thinks it is hard to learn scientific method- ‘The only way of learning the method of science is the long and bitter way of personal experience". And so we choose E.

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