【托福写作机经】2025年6月21日下午场托福考试回忆

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　主题：消灭入侵植物kudzu的方法

Crown Removal

One way of getting rid of the invasive kudzu is by removing its rootcrown. The root crown is the part of the kudzu where its stem and roots meet.New kudzu vines grow from the root crown and not from the roots. Therefore,cutting just below the root crown and removing the crown from the soil willprevent new kudzu vines from growing and may help eradicate kudzu.

　　Ok, the reading saysthat one way to stop kudzu from growing is to remove the root crown. Well,that's easier said than done. You see, although the root crown begins just twoor three centimeters below the surface, it also grows deep into the soil. It'svery hard to find the bottom of thecrown dig below it and cut it from the system of roots beneath it. If any partof the crown remains in the soil after an attempted removal, kudzu will growback quickly from this remaining part. And given the large size of the rootcrown and how deep in the soil it goes, the chances of some part of the crownremaining in the soil are high.

Grazing Goats

Another control techniqueinvolves transporting goats to areas overgrown with kudzu and allowing the goats to graze(feed) on the kudzu to remove it. Goats are relatively Small but eat a greatdeal, so a large herd of goats can be driven in trucks to areas of kudzuinfestation, where the goats can graze until the kudzu has been cleared.Importantly, grazing by livestock weakens kudzu and prevents it from regrowing,so this control method has the potential to address the problem.

Second, goats willfully remove kudzu only if you let them graze in the same area continuously for a long period of time.Only continuous grazing weakens kudzu to the point of preventing its regrowth.So loading goats on trucks and moving them from place to place, as the readingsuggests, will not work. If the goats stay in each area for just a short time,they will remove some K zoo, but as soon as they're moved to another area, thekudzu will grow back. Only long term continuous grazing works. But it'simpossible to bring goats for long term grazing to all the areas infested byKudzu.

Fungi

A third control methodconsists of using naturally occurring microorganisms, such as fungi, that feedon kudzu. Some scientists have recently conducted a series of experiments withfungi. When a kudzu plant was infected with fungi in the morning, signs of infectionwere already visible by the afternoon. Specifically, the plant's leaves hadbecome weak and lifeless. The use of fungi may thus help eliminate kudzu.

Finally, the use offungi is also problematic. Kudzu infestations are so widespread that fungi wouldhave to be produced in great quantities to control these infestations. However,scientists currently don't have the resources to produce mass quantities offungi in laboratories. And fungi have another drawback. If a person touches akudzu plant infected with fungi,the fungi may cause skin irritation. Therefore, this control method may remainat the experimental stage for a while.

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　　 主题：用摄像头监督闯红灯

　First, the strategyof replacing real traffic officers with traffic cameras has a seriousdisadvantage. When human officers detect instances of dangerous driving, they can immediatelyintervene by stopping the driver and issuing a fine. When the traffic camerasystem is used, however, it might be several days, or even weeks, before thedriver is notified of the violation. In other words, unlike the officers, thecameras cannot stop dangerous driving behavior when it occurs.

　　For first, is itreally important that traffic cameras cannot intervene on the spot? What reallymatters is getting dangerous drivers to change their future behavior. And the best way of doing that isforcing the drivers to pay fines. Now, let's say a traffic officer ismonitoring speeding. When that officer has stopped the car and is giving aspeeding ticket, other cars can speed by the officer without the officer evennoticing. A camera, on the other hand, can capture an issue fines to all thecars feeding by. It will not miss anyone. So while a camera acts with somedelay, it issues more fines in the end, and therefore has a greater effect interms of stopping dangerous driving than a traffic officer working in the samearea.

　econd, cameras do notreally help solve an important problem: drivers often do not follow trafficrules if they know they are not being monitored. When a road is monitored bytraffic officers, drivers obey rulesonly on those stretches of the road where the officers are present. Similarly,with traffic cameras, drivers obey rules only in areas where the cameras havebeen installed. In other words, traffic cameras do not motivate drivers to obeytraffic rules any more consistently than officers do.

　Second, it's truethat neither traffic officers nor cameras can be placed everywhere. But thatdoesn't mean they're equally ineffective in getting drivers to follow rulesconsistently. Traffic officers are stationed in a very limited number of areasbecause deploying them is expensive. Using traffic cameras is less expensive incomparison, which means that the cameras can be placed in more. So, usingtraffic cameras makes it possible to monitor a much greater proportion of thetotal road system. Which will force drivers who obey traffic rules much moreconsistently?

　Third, the use oftraffic cameras at intersections has actually caused traffic accidents. Whengoing through an intersection, some drivers unnecessarily slow down or stopabruptly when they see a traffic camera. This can result in their being hit bycars driving behind them. In fact, accidents in which one driver hits the backof another's car haveincreased 15 percent at intersections equipped with traffic cameras.

　　Third, it's true thattraffic cameras placed at intersections have caused some rear end collisions.But those are usually minor, and it's important to remember that the camerashelp reduce other types of crashes. Typically, when drivers ignore trafficlight signals or other traffic rules at intersections that cause serioushead-on or sideways collisions. Installing cameras at intersections makes drivers much more careful, andin fact has reduced the number of serious head-on or sideways collisions by asmuch as forty percent.

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　　 主题：线上买药的分析

Uncertified medications

First, almost anything isavailable for purchase onthe Internet, including medications that, in the United States, have not beenapproved for sale or for use to treat a particular medical condition. These maybe either herbal remedies that have had no clinical trials at all or newerexperimental drugs. Because these untested medications have not been officiallyapproved by the United States government, they represent a potential risk tothe people who are able to obtain them online.

First, about buyingonline medications that have not received approval by the government. Well, it's truethat taking some of these medications could be risky. But it's also true thatpeople have a right to seek their own medical treatment. What if the approvedmedications haven't worked? Sometimes the only choices left for a patient areexperimental drugs or herbal treatment, but for some other reason the medicalestablishment has not yet recognized.

Absence of consultation

Second, patients whointeract with a pharmacist in person provide information about themselves andin turn receive crucial information about possible dangerous side effects inthe form of physical reactions to medicines that are being prescribed. Onlinepurchasers do not have ready access to such a resource.

　　It's true that onlinepurchasing doesn't bring the patient face to face with a pharmacist. Butsomeone buying online canget an incredible amount of knowledge from an online database. And that may bean improvement. Look, A thirty second chat with a pharmacist may notcommunicate to the patient the possible problems in using a drug. But whenpeople spend the time interacting with an online medical database. They have abetter chance of understanding potential side effects and physical reactions.Because the database asks full sets of questions. And provides informationbased on the most up to date knowledge.

Questions of quality

Third, the quality of themedications sold online may be in doubt, whereas those purchased through a strong physician-pharmacistpartnership have quality assurance. In some cases, the drugs being sold onlineare actually supplied by pharmacies outside the country. These drugs may not bemanufactured to meet certain medical standards, or they may be sold in forms ordose levels that confuse and endanger the taker.

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　　 主题：修建Erie Canal的问题与解决

　　The first challengewas the local terrain and landscape. The canal had to be dug out and builtthrough areas that would make construction difficult. There were many forests,and clearing a channel through a forest required a slow process of using sawsto cut down trees and then axes to chop out the tree stumps and roots that remained.In addition, another challenge was that the canal would also pass throughwetlands, in which workers might fall ill from malaria, a disease caused bymosquitoes.

First, dealing withclearing the trees and the concerns about malaria. Let's start with the trees.To deal with them, some very useful devices were invented, for example, to pulltree stumps with roots out of the ground, the tree stump was attached withchains to a device called a stump puller. A team of strong animals like oxenthen pulled this device. Which then pulled the stump out of the ground. Greatlyreducing the amount of manual labor involved.

　　The second challengewas a lack of workers. The entire United States at that time had a relativelysmall population. The massive construction of a canal would require manythousands of workers, which opponents of the canal said the country would notbe able to supply.

　　As for the dangersposed by the wetlands. Well, workers simply waited until winter to dig throughthese regions. Why winter. Well, that was because mosquitoes that cause malariaare not active at that time second, getting enough workers well, thousands ofimmigrants from Europe arrived in the United States just around the timeconstruction was to start. These new immigrants wanted jobs and were willing totake on the difficult work of digging the canal. So by a lucky coincidence,there was a sufficient number of workers for the construction.

　　Finally, criticsargued that the Erie Canal would not yield enough benefits to justify its highcost. The main purpose of the canal was to facilitate commerce between thecoast and the interior of the United States. However, at the time there weresimply not very many people who lived or wanted to settle in the Midwest, sothere wasn't that much in the way of goods produced there to be sent back tothe coast.

　　Lastly, the critics,as you read, argued that there were not enough people in the interior of theUnited States to generate enough trade. However, there was a reason why notmany people lived in the interior. It was difficult to get there and costly toship goods back. That all changed with the completion of the erie canal. Thetravel time for new settlers to get to the Midwest decreased from six weeks tosix days. And as to the cost of shifting products from the interior back to theeast coast. While what had cost one hundred dollars to ship over, land wasreduced to only ten dollars by way of the waterways.

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　　 主题：人类大脑变小的原因

Climate Changes

Some scientists believethat the decrease in human brain size is a result of the decrease in theoverall size of the human body, which has been caused by changes in Earth'sclimate. Over the past 20,000 years Earth's climate has experienced a warmingtrend. Generally, warmer climate favors smaller body size: therefore, asEarth's climate warmed, the size of the human body decreased and the size ofthe human brain decreased with it.

首先，大脑大小变化反映气候变化的理论并不真正站住脚。如果我们观察2万年前的人类大脑，我们会发现大脑的大小与温度变化并不密切相关。在这个早期，地球的温度几度起伏，但大脑的大小并没有随着温度的起伏而减小或增大。相反，大脑变得越来越大。因此，由于大脑大小在早期与温度没有强烈的联系，所以没有理由相信它与过去2万年的温度有关。

Agriculture

Other researchers believethat agricultural lifestyle contributed to decreased brain size. Our ancestors’large brains needed large quantities of proteins and vitamins to remainhealthy, After the agricultural revolution, people's diets consisted mostly of grains,but grains are lower in proteins and vitamins than non-agricultural diets.People with slightly smaller brains had an advantage: they were not as affectedby the low-protein diet. Overtime, they became the majority.

大脑体积变小与农业有关的观点，大脑体积变小在世界各地都有发生，包括。那些以粮食为基础的农业直到最近才出现。例如，在澳大利亚和南部非洲，以粮食为基础的农业直到近代才开始实行。然而，生活在这些地区的人类与世界其他地区的人一样，在同一时间经历了大脑体积的下降。

Decrease in Muscle Mass

According to a thirdtheory, the smaller size of the human brain reflects the fact that humans today have smaller muscles than humans did20,000 years ago. This is important because much of the brain is used tocontrol muscles. As humans became less muscular, the parts of the brain thatcontrolled muscles also became smaller, resulting in an overall reduction inbrain size.

　　第三种理论的问题是，我们的肌肉只比2万年前小了一点，但我们的大脑体积的缩小比我们从肌肉质量的微小减少中预测的要大得多。因此，虽然肌肉的小损失可能导致了大脑体积的缩小，但这只是一个小因素，不能完全解释大脑体积的缩小。一定还有其他更重要的因素导致了人类大脑体积的大幅缩小。