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SAT语法考点：流水句

2013-03-25 00:00:00来源：互联网

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　　在SAT语法题中，流水句的问题非常难以辨别。因为流水句是汉语中特有的一类复合句，汉语句子的信息容量没有语法形式上的限制，弹性很大，一句接着一句。只需要用逗号连接，恰似流水，可以无限制地扩展下去。但英语句子有各种语法形式要求，不接受这种表达方式。因此受汉语的影响，类似的逗号使用错误和无标点句是中国学生英语写作中普遍出现的问题。以下是新东方在线为同学们整理的流水句的主要考试形式：

　　流水句考点小结

　　→流水句的典型结构：SVO, (adv.) SVO.

　　→流水句的变形结构：SVO, VO.

　　一、考点详解

　　1. 流水句的典型结构：SVO, (adv.) SVO.

　　简单来讲，流水句就是错误地将两个独立分句合写在一个句子里面，没有正确地用标点或连词加以分离。流水句本质上体现了英语中连词与分句的数量关系要求：即两个分句有且只有一个连词，三个分句有且只有两个连词，以此类推。只要把握住该原则，流水句的问题就不难被发现。

　　阅读以下例句，找出其中语法错误。

　　例句1：Many students fool around after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.

　　例句1是由两个分句构成：第一个分句为Many students fool around after school and on weekends, 第二个分句为consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework. 两个分句之间没有任何连词，而使用逗号是不可以连接两个分句的。

　　阅读以下例句，找出其中语法错误。

　　例句2：My grandfather never learned to use a calculator, as he shops he can accurately compute his grocery bill in his head to within a dollar.

　　例句2是由三个分句构成：第一个分句为My grandfather never learned to use a calculator, 第二个分句为he shops, 第三个分句为he can accurately compute his grocery bill in his head to within a dollar. 而连接三个分句中只有一个连词as，不符合连词与分句的数量关系要求。

　　2. 流水句的变形结构：SVO, VO.

　　以上两个流水句的形式用句子结构分析方法可以抽象为SVO, (adv.) SVO(例句1); SVO, conj. SVO SVO.(例句2)，这类句子都是典型的流水句结构。除了上述流水句结构之外，还会出现下面这种变形情况。

　　阅读以下例句，找出其中语法错误。

　　例句3：The beaver is the largest rodent in North America, has a large, flat, nearly hairless tail, webbed hind feet, and short front legs with hairy claws.

　　例句3是由一个完整分句The beaver is the largest rodent in North America, 一个不完整分句(缺少主语)large, flat, nearly hairless tail, webbed hind feet, and short front legs with hairy claws构成，即SVO, VO.结构，该结构依然是流水句。

　　在SAT语法考题中，处理流水句，一般会采取以下几种方法：

　　①逗号变为句号，两分句独立成完整的句子。

　　②逗号后用并列连词连接两分句

　　③变逗号为分号(可以使用连接副词体现逻辑关系，如：therefore, thus, however furthermore, nevertheless)

　　④主要分句作主句，其它分句变成从属结构(从句或词组，强调主句所表达的意义，弱化从属结构所表达的意义)

　　二、真题再现

　　1. The beaver is the largest rodent in North America, it has a large, flat, nearly hairless tail, webbed hind feet, and short front legs with hairy claws.

　　A) The beaver is the largest rodent in North America, it

　　B) The beaver being the largest rodent in North America, it

　　C) The beaver, the largest rodent in North America, which

　　D) The largest rodent in North America, the beaver

　　E) The largest rodents in North America, the beaver

　　解析：两个分句形成了典型的SVO, SVO流水句结构，选项中选择正确的改正方式即可。

　　2. The vice president of the United States is also the president of the Senate, the vice president is not a senator and does not vote on Senate matters except to break a tie.

　　A) the vice president is not

　　B) the vice president, who is not

　　C) however, the vice president, not being

　　D) although the vice president is not

　　E) and the vice president, who is not

　　解析：两个分句形成了典型的SVO, SVO流水句结构，选项中选择正确的改正方式即可。

　　3. The first 10,000 United States patents, they were known as the X-patents, were burned in a fire in 1836.

　　A) they were known

　　B) which they knew

　　C) which they know

　　D) to be known

　　E) known

　　解析：该题的句子结构是S, SVO, VO, 这样的句子结构容易与插入语相混淆。如果插入的句子是完整的，且把它放到句首或句尾时，与另外一个句子形成流水句，那么在语法上该插入语就是错误的。

　　4. A cure for some kinds of cancer, scientists believe, may be found within the next decade.

　　A) scientists believe, may be

　　B) scientists believe they may be

　　C) being maybe, in the belief of some scientists,

　　D) there are some scientists who believed it may be

　　E) which, some scientists believe, may be

　　解析：该题的句子结构看似和上题相同，都是S, SVO, VO结构，但如果把句子中的插入部分放到句首在进行考察，就会发现这是一个主从复合句主句+宾语从句scientists believe a cure for some kinds of cancer may be found within the next decade.

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