新SAT阅读美国历史文献解析

2018-11-10 16:21:00来源：新东方

【考试动态】2019年SAT考试时间报名费用报考指南成绩查询送分流程成绩要求成绩换算
【资料推荐】SAT词汇巴朗3500系列SAT阅读OG1-8经典错题解析SAT数学满分冲刺重要知识点
【备考指导】CB发布2018年SAT考试官方报告SAT北美考点汇总美国大学TOP100SAT成绩要求

　　联邦党人 vs. 反联邦党人

　　在宪法正式实施之前，必须得到13个州中至少9个州的批准，每个州都成立了特别的大会，商议是否要通过这部新宪法。这些大会比起制宪大会更加公开化，有人说它的批准程序，《宪法》更能体现宪法基于人民的意志，但并不是所有人都需要宪法。

　　1787年关于宣发的公众意见非常分化。支持宪法，主张建立强大中央政府的人，被称作联邦党人(Federalists)。他们认为强大的中央政府有利于整个国家，他们往往来自大城市，代表着商业阶级，尤其是富人居多。

　　他们中许多人在革命期间借钱给政府。他们倾向于新宪法，因为在他们眼中强大的国家政府能够支付税务，这对商业非常有利。同时他们也希望能再次同英格兰建立更强的联系，因为在他们眼中英格兰是绝佳的贸易伙伴。

　　强大政府的支持者亚历山大.汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton), 詹姆斯.麦迪逊(James Madison), 约翰.杰伊 (John Jay)等人为了让纽约的选民通过宪法，一起写了85 篇文章，即联邦党人文集(Federalist Papers)，说服人民为什么需要一个强大的中央政府，为什么强大的政府不会威胁人民自由。

　　然而反联邦党人(Anti-Federalists)大多是普通人，没有进行商业活动的小农民。他们怀疑大政府会限制个人自由，小小的州政府更能体会人民的需要，对人民负责的州政府应当作为人民自由和权益的保护者。

　　最后的结果相信大家都知道了，联邦党人胜出，宪法通过。

　　联邦党人(Federalists)

　　亚历山大.汉密尔顿(Alexander Hamilton)

　　詹姆斯.麦迪逊(James Madison)

　　约翰.杰伊 (John Jay)

　　联邦党人文集(Federalist Papers)

　　反联邦党人(Anti-Federalists)

　　一部宪法缔造了一个国家

　　U.S. Lite: The Confederation Leads to a Keeper Constitution

　　一部宪法缔造了一个国家

　　Passage 1

　　Passage 2

　　聪明的你，能看出来这两个人谁是《联邦条约》的维护者谁是《宪法》的支持者吗?

　　Passage 1, by Patrick Henry

　　Passage 2, by Edmund Pendleton, are adapted from speeches delivered to the Virginia ratifying convention in 1788.

　　Both are in response to the proposal by the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution establishing a national government.

　　Passage 1： The people gave them no power to use their name. That they exceeded their power is perfectly clear. It is not mere curiosity that actuates me: I wish to hear the real, actual, existing danger,which should lead us to take those steps, so dangerous in my conception. Disorders have arisen in other parts of America; but here, sir, no dangers, no insurrection or tumult have happened; everything has been calm and tranquil. But, notwithstanding this, we are wandering on the great ocean of human affairs. I see no landmark to guide us. We are running we know not whither. Difference of opinion has gone to a degree of inflammatory resentment in different parts of the country,which has been occasioned to give occasion or cause for; bring about. by this perilous innovation. The federal Convention ought to have amended the old system; for this purpose they were solely delegated; the object of their mission extended to no other consideration. You must, therefore, forgive the solicitation of one unworthy member to know what danger could have arisen under the present Confederation, and what are the causes of this proposal to change our government.

　　Passage 2 then the question must be between this government and the Confederation. The latter is no government at all. It has been said that it has carried us, through a dangerous war, to a happy issue. Not that Confederation, but common danger, and the spirit of America, were bonds if our union: union and unanimity, and not that insignificant paper, carried us through the dangerous war. “United, we stand— divided, we fall?” echoed and reechoed through america— from Congress to the drunken carpenter— was effectual, and procured the end of our wishes, though now forgotten by gentlemen, if such there be, who incline to let go this stronghold, to catch feather; for such all substituted projects may prove.

　　文段选自 2017年5月SAT亚太真题

　　以上就为大家整理的“新SAT阅读美国历史文献解析”，更多精彩内容，请关注新东方在线SAT频道。

SAT水平能力测试【0元免费测试】