2025年8月27日下午场托福写作完整版答案及解析（含范文）

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　主题：solutions to save the bats from being harmed by wind turbines

　　One solution is to build wind turbines at sites where they would not interfere with the bats' migratory patterns. Bats usually follow the same flight path every year when they migrate. These migratory routes could be studied by scientists, who could direct power companies to build new turbines that are not in the paths of the bats' migrations.

　　First, finding other places to build wind turbines may seem like an obvious solution, but it's just not practical. To produce electricity, wind turbines need to be built where there's plenty of wind to spin the turbines somewhere like a mountain ridge. Unfortunately, that's exactly where bats are most likely to migrate, because their migration routes typically follow mountain ridges. lf we build the turbines in places located outside bats, migration paths in flat plains, for example, the windspeed in many of those places will probably be too slow to operate the turbines.

　　A second solution is to shut down the current wind turbines at night, the time when bats are most active (bats are night animals.) The turbines located in the bats' migratory paths could be shut down at night during the migration period so that the blades would not be spinning when the bats are most likely to fly through the area.

　　Second, shutting off the turbines at night. Well, it's true that migrating bats are active at night. The bats need to sleep during the day. So when the night is almost over, the bats look fora place to sleep. They typically sleep in tall trees, but they will sleep in any tall structure they find. Unfortunately, that includes wind turbines. So many bats will settle down on the turbines that are shut off to sleep. And when the turbines are turned back on during the day, the bad sleeping there will be harmed. So this is not a good solution.

　　Finally, a third solution involves the use of radar to keep bats away from the wind turbines. Bats can detect electromagnetic waves emitted by radar. Researchers have noticed that bats actually dislike radar waves: they avoid airports and other locations where radar is used. Researchers believe that emitting radar waves around wind turbines would keep bats away from the area entirely, preventing them from flying into the turbines.

　　Finally, using radar to keep bats away from wind turbine, just isn't a good idea. There's a very good reason bats dislike radar waves. The radar can damage the reproductive system, and this damage can happen very quickly. So bats that fly into an area with active radar waves, even for a brief period of time can suffer permanent damage to the reproductive organs, and will have low rates of reproduction. This could reduce bats populations even further.

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　主题：Wildlife Crossings 的可行性

　　野生动物不熟悉，没有办法用

　　野生动物的适应能力很强的，所以后面几年使用会大幅度增长。

　　花费太大

　　对于人来说比较危险，动物横穿马路造成人们受伤，一年会有很多起，花费的钱更多。

　　阻碍生物数量和繁殖能力，因为只有一小片区域可以活动

　　马路限制了生物的活动区域，crossing帮助他们客服这个困难，这样就可以任意活动。

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　主题：theories to explain the phenomenon.

　　One such explanation is that the stones are pushed by the wind. Scientists have recorded strong winds in the playa, and when it rains, the playa's muddy floor becomes slick and slippery. Under such conditions, powerful gusts of wind could give the stones a considerable push. The reduced friction of the muddy ground would then allow the stones to slide long distances. Adding to the strength of this theory is the observation that the stones often travel parallel to the direction of the most common prevailing winds.

　　First, it's true that the Racetrack Playa experiences powerful winds. But when the stones move, they leave rather deep grooves in the ground that dig into the valley floor. The grooves look like very deep tire tracks in the mud. This means the moving stones meet a lot of resistance. They're being pushed through the mud rather than just sliding or rolling on the surface. You would need a lot of force to push three hundred kilogram stones through the Playa muddy floor. And it is unlikely that even powerful winds have enough force to do that.

　　A second possible theory for the stones' movement involves ice formations. During the night, groundwater will occasionally seep up and form ice sheets on the ground. The ice sheets can trap stones within them. Ice sheets that form on sloping ground can start sliding slowly down the slope, pulled by gravity. Large and thick ice sheets would be able to drag along even heavy stones trapped within them. Over time the gradual sliding movement could transport the stones great distances.

　　OK, What about the ice sheet theory? Well, for this theory to work. Large and thick ice sheets would have to form. well, there may be some ice occasionally forming in the Racetrack Playa. But the conditions there are not really favorable for large scale ice formation. First, it's a desert area, so there's only a small volume of groundwater available. And the small amount of ground water is not the only limiting factor. The temperature may drop below, freezing at night, but then it rises during the day. So the temperature typically does not stay below freezing long enough to allow the ice sheets to grow and thicken to the size needed to trap and carry the stones.

　　A third explanation is that people move the stones as part of an elaborate joke. In recent years, there have been reports of other unusual phenomena like crop circles, which were at first hard to explain but later turned out to be the work of people playing jokes. It is possible that the sailing stones have been moved around by people rather than by any natural forces.

　　And third, although the sailing stones may seem like someone's idea of a perfect practical joke. There isn't any evidence that people move them. Researchers have never found human footprints or the footprints of a pack animal like a horse that could drag the stones. And since we can tell from the stones tracks that they sometimes move during muddy periods. It would be impossible for any individuals to move the stones without leaving some kind of tracks themselves.

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　主题：whether the first people to sail around Africa were Phoenicians

　　First, it's true that Phoenicians used rather simple sailing technology, but that doesn't mean the voyage was impossible. In fact, recently in the twentieth century, some scientists and shipbuilders built a copy of an old Phoenician ship to see how capable it was of sailing long distances. They used exactly the same materials and techniques that were available to Phoenicians six hundred years BC. And guess what. The scientists successfully sailed this copy of an old ship around Africa, so Phoenician ships may have been good enough for a voyage like this.

　　First, it is highly unlikely that the Phoenician sailors possessed the necessary technology to sail around Africa as early as 600 B.C.E. The ships they built were small and held together only with crude wooden pegs. Also, the ships had only one simple square-shaped sail. While such technology might have been suitable to sail on the Mediterranean Sea near Phoenicia, it would not have been suitable for the long voyage in the open ocean around Africa.

　　Second, it's true that the ancient Egyptians were generally not interested in exploring areas outside Egypt, but Niko the second was a rather different kind of king in this respect. For example, he was very interested in water transportation and started major projects to connect Egyptian rivers and seas through canals. Nico probably wanted to explore the possibilities of water transportation in general for trading purposes. He could have hired the Phoenician sailors to sail around Africa to help him discover new trading partners.

　　Second, it also goes against what we know about Egyptian rulers of the time to suggest that Necho Il ordered the expedition and hired the Phoenicians. Ancient Egyptians are understood to have been generally uninterested in exploring the world beyond their kingdom and the lands immediately surrounding it. Necho Il would have had no reason to hire Phoenician sailors.

　　Finally, the Phoenician sailors reported some facts that make it unlikely that they invented the story. They reported that when they sailed far to the south, they noticed that at midday, at twelve o'clock, the sun was in the northern part of the sky instead of the southern. Well, that's exactly what happens in the southern hemisphere. The sun appears in the northern part of the sky at midday, in contrast to what happens in the northern hemisphere, where the sailors were from. This information about the position of the sun would be hard to invent. The most likely explanation for it is that the Phoenicians had actually gone to the southern hemisphere and observed the sun themselves.

　　Third, it is possible that the account of a journey around Africa recorded in the ancient sources was just a story invented by sailors that later spread. It was not uncommon for people of the ancient world to make up stories and pass them off as truths, particularly when it had to do with the ocean. Stories of sea monsters and magical islands were also popular at the time, so in the same way, a story about a voyage around Africa could have been invented as well.