2025年7月23日下午场托福写作完整版答案及解析（含范文）

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　主题：Benefits of beaver dams

　　One of the benefits of beaver dams is that they increase the amount of water available to communities. Without dams, water would flow through rivers without stopping. Dams create a barrier in the river that slows the flow of water and keeps large quantities of it in the area. Not only do dams keep rivers full, they also allow water to seep down into the soil, penetrating land far away from the river bed. This increases the water supply for both townspeople and farmers, something which is especially important in times of drought.

　　First, beaver dams do increase local water supplies, but they sometimes also cause flooding. You see beavers often build dams in front of culverts. Culverts are special tunnels built beneath roads or railroads in places where the roads or railroads cross streams or small rivers. Culverts allow the flow of water to pass underneath the road. But when a beaver dam blocks a culvert. Water cannot flow through the tunnel and may flood the road above, damaging the roadway and even nearby houses.

　　Second, beaver dams significantly increase biodiversity (the variety of plants and animals) in the areas where they are located. Because dams help to store and retain water, there will be more vegetation, including grass, shrubs, and other plants alongside rivers with dams. Wildlife in turn are attracted by the vegetation, which provides food, shelter, and other benefits for a number of species, including birds, elk, and deer.

　　Second, beaver dams may increase overall biodiversity. But some types of organisms, especially trees, can be harmed by them in a couple of ways. Beavers harm some trees by chewing through their trunks and then using the wood to build dams. Once built, the dams themselves can harm even more trees because beaver dams cause water in rivers and streams to change course, slightly forming pools known as beaver ponds on previously dried land. These newly formed ponds can cover the roots of trees with water. And trees whose roots remain under water too long will die.

　　Finally, beaver dams can turn a river into an ideal habitat for certain types of fish. Since the water that accumulates behind a dam flows very slowly compared to water in other parts of the river, fish that prefer slow-moving water can inhabit rivers where there are beaver dams. This slow-moving water also provides a protective habitat for fish during the winter due to its relatively stable temperature.

　　Finally. It's true that beaver dams can benefit fish however this isn't always the case. One way beaver dams may harm fish is by creating a barrier that prevents fish from traveling forward. Dams usually have passageways between branches. However, fish can get stuck behind dams if the force of the water isn't strong enough to push them through. And because dams block water flow, they also increase the accumulation of sediment. Or dirt particles in the slow moving water behind the dam. Making the water dirty. Something that is especially harmful to young fish.

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　主题：evidence to suggest that the Phoenicians explored the Azores

　　First, archaeologists have found a number of caves built by people in the Azores. In ancient times, the Phoenicians made similar caves as small religious temples and tombs in the cliffs around many of their settlements. The caves that archaeologists found in the Azores appear similar to those of ancient Phoenicia. They have what appear to be stone altars (tables used for religious ceremonies) and stone bowls that could have been used to hold liquid for ceremonial purposes.

　　First, about the caves. For us to know the caves were built by Phoenicians, we would need evidence of religious artifacts, but that's not quite clear. For example, the supposed stone Altars you read about might not be Altars， they might just be tables without any religious purpose. And the bowls might be there for storing simple drinking water, not liquid for religious ceremonies. The caves might actually have a different explanation altogether. We know that Europeans settlers sometimes use these caves to store food and water. It's possible that it was those early Europeans who built the caves, not the Phoenicians.

　　Second, there is an eighteenth-century account of ancient coins being discovered on Corvo, one of the islands in the Azores, in 1749. This account was published in a scientific article and was accompanied by detailed drawings of the coins. The illustrations show that the coins were Phoenician. The discovery of Phoenician coins on the island of Corvo in the Azores strongly indicates that Phoenicians arrived in the Azores long before modern Europeans.

　　Second, the argument about the coins may be based on a misunderstanding. Sure, the article said that the coins were found on Corvo, but there are several locations called Corvo. So was the writer referring to the island of Corvo in the Azores? Probably not. You see, Corvo was also a name of a town in mainland Portugal. In fact, it was known that the Phoenicians visited the town of Corvo in Portugal, so finding Phoenicians coins there would not have been surprising. It's possible that the writer of the article confused the two locations, and the coins were actually found in the town of Corvo in mainland Portugal, but he mistakenly thought they had come from the island of Corvo in the Azores.

　　Finally, modern researchers have found evidence of Phoenician sailboats traveling long distances of up to 2,000 kilometers without stopping on land (when sailing in the Mediterranean Sea). It appears that the Phoenicians routinely traveled such great distances in the Mediterranean Sea to avoid unfriendly territories. So, it seems quite possible that the Phoenician ships would have been able to complete the journey west from Europe to the Azores 1,500 kilometers away.

　　Lastly, while the Phoenicians were able to sail long distances, the journey to the Azores would oppose a particular challenge. The Azores are located in the Atlantic ocean. In the Atlantic, both the ocean currents and the wind move east toward Europe. Phoenicians sailboats traveling west to the Azores would have had to sail against the strong wind and against the flow of the ocean water. So the journey going west to the Azores would probably have been impossible for Phoenicians ships of that time.

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　主题：three theories to explain the sailing stones

　　One such explanation is that the stones are pushed by the wind. Scientists have recorded strong winds in the playa, and when it rains, the playa's muddy floor becomes slick and slippery. Under such conditions, powerful gusts of wind could give the stones a considerable push. The reduced friction of the muddy ground would then allow the stones to slide long distances. Adding to the strength of this theory is the observation that the stones often travel parallel to the direction of the most common prevailing winds.

　　First, it's true that the Racetrack Playa experiences powerful winds. But when the stones move, they leave rather deep grooves in the ground that dig into the valley floor. The grooves look like very deep tire tracks in the mud. This means the moving stones meet a lot of resistance. They're being pushed through the mud rather than just sliding or rolling on the surface. You would need a lot of force to push three hundred kilogram stones through the Playa muddy floor. And it is unlikely that even powerful winds have enough force to do that.

　　A second possible theory for the stones' movement involves ice formations. During the night, groundwater will occasionally seep up and form ice sheets on the ground. The ice sheets can trap stones within them. Ice sheets that form on sloping ground can start sliding slowly down the slope, pulled by gravity. Large and thick ice sheets would be able to drag along even heavy stones trapped within them. Over time the gradual sliding movement could transport the stones great distances.

　　OK, What about the ice sheet theory? Well, for this theory to work. Large and thick ice sheets would have to form. well, there may be some ice occasionally forming in the Racetrack Playa. But the conditions there are not really favorable for large scale ice formation. First, it's a desert area, so there's only a small volume of groundwater available. And the small amount of ground water is not the only limiting factor. The temperature may drop below, freezing at night, but then it rises during the day. So the temperature typically does not stay below freezing long enough to allow the ice sheets to grow and thicken to the size needed to trap and carry the stones.

　　A third explanation is that people move the stones as part of an elaborate joke. In recent years, there have been reports of other unusual phenomena like crop circles, which were at first hard to explain but later turned out to be the work of people playing jokes. It is possible that the sailing stones have been moved around by people rather than by any natural forces.

　　And third, although the sailing stones may seem like someone's idea of a perfect practical joke. There isn't any evidence that people move them. Researchers have never found human footprints or the footprints of a pack animal like a horse that could drag the stones. And since we can tell from the stones tracks that they sometimes move during muddy periods. It would be impossible for any individuals to move the stones without leaving some kind of tracks themselves.

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　主题：three solutions to save the bats from being harmed by wind turbines

　　One solution is to build wind turbines at sites where they would not interfere with the bats' migratory patterns. Bats usually follow the same flight path every year when they migrate. These migratory routes could be studied by scientists, who could direct power companies to build new turbines that are not in the paths of the bats' migrations.

　　风力涡轮机的选址比较特殊，需要在山脊才有足够的风发电，但山脊正好在蝙蝠迁飞的路线上。如果搬走，可能会影响涡轮机的效果。

　　A second solution is to shut down the current wind turbines at night the time when bats are most active (bats are night animals.) The turbines located in the bats' migratory paths could be shut down at night during the migration period so that the blades would not be spinning when the bats are most likely to fly through the area.

　　蝙蝠晚上活动白天休息。蝙蝠会选址比较高的建筑结构休息，比如风力涡轮机。如果让涡轮白天工作，可能对休息的蝙蝠产生影响。

　　Finally, a third solution involves the use of radar to keep bats away from the wind turbines. Bats can detect electromagnetic waves emitted by radar. Researchers have noticed that bats actually dislike radar waves: they avoid airports and other locations where radar is used. Researchers believe that emitting radar waves around wind turbines would keep bats away from the area entirely, preventing them from flying into the turbines.

　　蝙蝠之所以远离雷达，是因为雷达电波会破坏它们的生殖系统。如果采用雷达电波驱赶，这会带来伤害，从而使数量更少。

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　主题：reasons that beavers should not be released in England

　　First, beavers use wood to build dams in rivers and streams, partially blocking the flow of water and creating ponds (small areas of still water). Because dams form barriers in the water, they can prevent migrating fish from moving through a river or stream. Some fish species must migrate in order to reproduce. Critics argue that beaver dams will lower fish populations by preventing fish from migrating to their breeding grounds.

　　First, it's not necessarily true that beaver dams will harm fish populations. You see, beavers don't build dams in every river and stream, so there will still be some rivers and streams that migrating fish will be able to use to reach their breeding grounds. What's more, the ponds that beaver dams create, those small areas of still water are important habitats where young fish can find plenty of food and hide from predators. So the ponds created by beavers actually promote the population growth of some fish species.

　　Second, farmers are concerned about the effects of beaver reintroduction on farmland. Beavers sometimes burrow into riverbanks, digging holes below ground. This can weaken the surface of the ground above and lead to collapse and erosion (loss of soil Over time, erosion can decrease the amount of farmland available near rivers and streams. It can even lower soil quality by allowing the best soil to be washed away. This loss of soil could interfere with farmers' ability to produce crops.

　　Second, it's true that beavers sometimes cause erosion in a few small areas, but the overall effect of beavers is actually to decrease erosion along rivers. You see, erosion of riverbanks typically happens along rivers and streams that move fast. Beaver dams have the effect of slowing down the rivers on which they're built. Slower moving water causes less riverbank erosion. So if beavers return to England, some rivers will move more slowly and we will lose fewer river banks, which means we'll lose less farmland near rivers.

　　Third, beavers have powerful teeth that they use to chew through wood, and they sometimes chew through tree trunks, cutting down and killing trees. Trees are vital to many of England's ecosystems; they provide habitat, shade, and a food source for different animals. Losing trees to beavers could seriously disrupt England's other wildlife.

　　Third, beavers do cut down trees, but not enough to damage the whole ecosystem. In fact, the activity of beavers creates a more interesting, more diverse ecosystem. What happens is this when beavers chop down a few trees in wooded areas, they create small areas of open ground exposed to the sun. The direct sunlight that reaches the ground encourages the growth of new types of vegetation that couldn't grow in the shade, like flowering plants or low shrubs. These new plants attract new species of insects. The new insects attract new species of birds that feed on them, and so on. As a result, a whole new ecosystem is created in addition to the one that existed in that area before.

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　主题：evidence to suggest that the Phoenicians explored the Azores

　　First, archaeologists have found a number of caves built by people in the Azores. In ancient times, the Phoenicians made similar caves as small religious temples and tombs in the cliffs around many of their settlements. The caves that archaeologists found in the Azores appear similar to those of ancient Phoenicia. They have what appear to be stone altars (tables used for religious ceremonies) and stone bowls that could have been used to hold liquid for ceremonial purposes.

　　First, about the caves. For us to know the caves were built by Phoenicians, we would need evidence of religious artifacts, but that's not quite clear. For example, the supposed stone Altars you read about might not be Altars， they might just be tables without any religious purpose. And the bowls might be there for storing simple drinking water, not liquid for religious ceremonies. The caves might actually have a different explanation altogether. We know that Europeans settlers sometimes use these caves to store food and water. It's possible that it was those early Europeans who built the caves, not the Phoenicians.

　　Second, there is an eighteenth-century account of ancient coins being discovered on Corvo, one of the islands in the Azores, in 1749. This account was published in a scientific article and was accompanied by detailed drawings of the coins. The illustrations show that the coins were Phoenician. The discovery of Phoenician coins on the island of Corvo in the Azores strongly indicates that Phoenicians arrived in the Azores long before modern Europeans.

　　Second, the argument about the coins may be based on a misunderstanding. Sure, the article said that the coins were found on Corvo, but there are several locations called Corvo. So was the writer referring to the island of Corvo in the Azores? Probably not. You see, Corvo was also a name of a town in mainland Portugal. In fact, it was known that the Phoenicians visited the town of Corvo in Portugal, so finding Phoenicians coins there would not have been surprising. It's possible that the writer of the article confused the two locations, and the coins were actually found in the town of Corvo in mainland Portugal, but he mistakenly thought they had come from the island of Corvo in the Azores.

　　Finally, modern researchers have found evidence of Phoenician sailboats traveling long distances of up to 2,000 kilometers without stopping on land (when sailing in the Mediterranean Sea). It appears that the Phoenicians routinely traveled such great distances in the Mediterranean Sea to avoid unfriendly territories. So, it seems quite possible that the Phoenician ships would have been able to complete the journey west from Europe to the Azores 1,500 kilometers away.

　　Lastly, while the Phoenicians were able to sail long distances, the journey to the Azores would oppose a particular challenge. The Azores are located in the Atlantic ocean. In the Atlantic, both the ocean currents and the wind move east toward Europe. Phoenicians sailboats traveling west to the Azores would have had to sail against the strong wind and against the flow of the ocean water. So the journey going west to the Azores would probably have been impossible for Phoenicians ships of that time.