【托福写作机经】2025年6月21日上午场托福考试回忆

阅读

听力

　主题：消灭入侵植物kudzu的方法

Crown Removal

One way of getting rid of the invasive kudzu is by removing its rootcrown. The root crown is the part of the kudzu where its stem and roots meet.New kudzu vines grow from the root crown and not from the roots. Therefore,cutting just below the root crown and removing the crown from the soil willprevent new kudzu vines from growing and may help eradicate kudzu.

Ok, the reading saysthat one way to stop kudzu from growing is to remove the root crown. Well,that's easier said than done. You see, although the root crown begins just twoor three centimeters below the surface, it also grows deep into the soil. It'svery hard to find the bottom of thecrown dig below it and cut it from the system of roots beneath it. If any partof the crown remains in the soil after an attempted removal, kudzu will growback quickly from this remaining part. And given the large size of the rootcrown and how deep in the soil it goes, the chances of some part of the crownremaining in the soil are high.

Grazing Goats

Another control techniqueinvolves transporting goats to areas overgrown with kudzu and allowing the goats to graze(feed) on the kudzu to remove it. Goats are relatively Small but eat a greatdeal, so a large herd of goats can be driven in trucks to areas of kudzuinfestation, where the goats can graze until the kudzu has been cleared.Importantly, grazing by livestock weakens kudzu and prevents it from regrowing,so this control method has the potential to address the problem.

　Second, goats willfully remove kudzu only if you let them graze in the same area continuously for a long period of time.Only continuous grazing weakens kudzu to the point of preventing its regrowth.So loading goats on trucks and moving them from place to place, as the reading

suggests, will not work. If the goats stay in each area for just a short time,they will remove some K zoo, but as soon as they're moved to another area, thekudzu will grow back. Only long term continuous grazing works. But it'simpossible to bring goats for long term grazing to all the areas infested byKudzu.

　Fungi

A third control methodconsists of using naturally occurring microorganisms, such as fungi, that feedon kudzu. Some scientists have recently conducted a series of experiments withfungi. When a kudzu plant was infected with fungi in the morning, signs ofinfection were already visible by the afternoon. Specifically, the plant'sleaves had become weak and lifeless. The use of fungi may thus help eliminate kudzu.

　　Finally, the use offungi is also problematic. Kudzu infestations are so widespread that fungiwould have to be produced in great quantities to control these infestations.However, scientists currently don't have the resources to produce massquantities of fungi in laboratories. And fungi have another drawback. If aperson touches a kudzu plant infected with fungi, the fungi may cause skin irritation. Therefore, thiscontrol method may remain at the experimental stage for a while.

阅读

听力

　　 主题：用摄像头监督闯红灯

First, the strategy of replacing real traffic officers with traffic cameras has a serious disadvantage. When human officers detect instances of dangerous driving, they can immediately intervene by stopping the driver and issuing a fine. When the traffic camera system is used, however, it might be several days, or even weeks, before the driver is notified of the violation. In other words, unlike the officers, the cameras cannot stop dangerous driving behavior when it occurs.

　For first, is it really important that traffic cameras cannot intervene on the spot? What really matters is getting dangerous drivers to change their future behavior. And the best way of doing that is forcing the drivers to pay fines. Now, let's say a traffic officer is monitoring speeding. When that officer has stopped the car and is giving a speeding ticket, other cars can speed by the officer without the officer even noticing. A camera, on the other hand, can capture an issue fines to all the cars feeding by. It will not miss anyone. So while a camera acts with some delay, it issues more fines in the end, and therefore has a greater effect in terms of stopping dangerous driving than a traffic officer working in the same area.

Second, cameras do not really help solve an important problem: drivers often do not follow traffic rules if they know they are not being monitored. When a road is monitored by traffic officers, drivers obey rules only on those stretches of the road where the officers are present. Similarly, with traffic cameras, drivers obey rules only in areas where the cameras have been installed. In other words, traffic cameras do not motivate drivers to obey traffic rules any more consistently than officers do.

Second, it's true that neither traffic officers nor cameras can be placed everywhere. But that doesn't mean they're equally ineffective in getting drivers to follow rules consistently. Traffic officers are stationed in a very limited number of areas because deploying them is expensive. Using traffic cameras is less expensive in comparison, which means that the cameras can be placed in more. So, using traffic cameras makes it possible to monitor a much greater proportion of the total road system. Which will force drivers who obey traffic rules much more consistently?

　Third, the use of traffic cameras at intersections has actually caused traffic accidents. When going through an intersection, some drivers unnecessarily slow down or stop abruptly when they see a traffic camera. This can result in their being hit by cars driving behind them. In fact, accidents in which one driver hits the back of another's car have increased 15 percent at intersections equipped with traffic cameras

Third, it's true that traffic cameras placed at intersections have caused some rear end collisions. But those are usually minor, and it's important to remember that the cameras help reduce other types of crashes. Typically, when drivers ignore traffic light signals or other traffic rules at intersections that cause serious head-on or sideways collisions. Installing cameras at intersections makes drivers much more careful, and in fact has reduced the number of serious head-on or sideways collisions by as much as forty percent.

阅读

听力

　　 主题：线上买药的分析

Uncertified medications

First, almost anything is available for purchase on the Internet, including medications that, in the United States, have not been approved for sale or for use to treat a particular medical condition. These may be either herbal remedies that have had no clinical trials at all or newer experimental drugs. Because these untested medications have not been officially approved by the United States government, they represent a potential risk to the people who are able to obtain them online.

First, about buying online medications that have not received approval by the government. Well, it's true that taking some of these medications could be risky. But it's also true that people have a right to seek their own medical treatment. What if the approved medications haven't worked? Sometimes the only choices left for a patient are experimental drugs or herbal treatment, but for some other reason the medical establishment has not yet recognized.

Absence of consultation

Second, patients who interact with a pharmacist in person provide information about themselves and in turn receive crucial information about possible dangerous side effects in the form of physical reactions to medicines that are being prescribed. Online purchasers do not have ready access to such a resource.

It's true that online purchasing doesn't bring the patient face to face with a pharmacist. But someone buying online can get an incredible amount of knowledge from an online database. And that may be an improvement. Look, A thirty second chat with a pharmacist may not communicate to the patient the possible problems in using a drug. But when people spend the time interacting with an online medical database. They have a better chance of understanding potential side effects and physical reactions. Because the database asks full sets of questions. And provides information based on the most up to date knowledge.

Questions of quality

Third, the quality of the medications sold online may be in doubt, whereas those purchased through a strong physician-pharmacist partnership have quality assurance. In some cases, the drugs being sold online are actually supplied by pharmacies outside the country. These drugs may not be manufactured to meet certain medical standards, or they may be sold in forms or dose levels that confuse and endanger the taker.

Third. About the idea that the drugs bought online are inferior or dangerous. What is definitely true is that medicines are often a lot cheaper from an online pharmacy. It's also true the online pharmacy may well be located in another country. But very often its medicines are exactly the same drugs are in the same doses, and are manufactured in exactly the same place that drug stories in the United States get their medicines from. It turns out that often drug companies charge pharmacies in the United States more than they charge pharmacies in other countries for the same medicine. Summarize the points made in the lecture. Being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns expressed in the reading.